Document Type : Review Paper
Authors
1
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
2
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
3
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
4
Independent Researcher
Abstract
The globally projected share of LIB in the market will be around 875 million tons by 2025, leading to the generation of a tremendous amount of spent LIB trash to be dealt with. However, literature shows that only a tiny fraction of spent LIB is recycled currently, while the majority ends up in landfills, leading to environmental degradation. Though there is existing literature discussing the research trend and methods for recycling spent LIBs, very few reviews cover a comprehensive comparison of all the recycling methods along with the pretreatments. The major objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape about LIB recycling, emphasizing the significant advancements in the field, and valuable insights into the latest developments in LIB recycling technologies through a critical review of the recent and highly cited literature for spent LIB recycling using three primary recycling approaches: pyro metallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling. Additionally, the paper covers major LIB types, analytical methods, spent LIB disposal challenges, the need for recovery of heavy metals, and pre-treatment methods for LIB waste recycling. The paper further discusses the characterization techniques for leachates generated during hydrometallurgical processes, revealing the presence of various metals such as Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, and Ni. The detailed systematic review thus highlights the LIB recycling prospects and obstacles, and further research required to stimulate the creation of inventive and long-lasting solutions for a circular economy leading to sustainable development.
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