Biogas production from restaurant waste with the addition of co-substrate variation of tofu liquid waste and cow dung

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Environmental Engineering Program, Engineering Faculty, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

2 Research and Development Agency the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Restaurant waste is a potential biomass to be developed into a renewable energy, especially in biogas production. It is the main substrate for anaerobic process, as it contains many organic materials. Tofu liquid waste and cow dung have the potential to be used as an additional substrate in this process. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in the restaurant waste, tofu liquid, and cow dung composition towards the quality of methane gas in biogas production. It was conducted using a 30 liters reactor with a working volume of 22.5 liters. The substrate variables included 50%, 93.75%, and 100% variations of restaurant waste, 50% tofu liquid, and 6.25% cow dung. The results showed that the variations in the organic waste composition affected methane gas quality in biogas production. The reactor with 100% restaurant waste substrate, obtained the highest yield in each parameter. The anaerobic treatment with 100% restaurant waste substrate in reactor C yielded the highest values for each parameter. Additionally, the largest volume of biogas formed in this reactor was 109 liters, with a methane gas concentration of 51.307 ppm which is followed by reactor B and then reactor A with biogas production of 48 Liters and 45 Liters. The ratio of methane and carbon dioxide levels in the biogas formed was 60% and 40%.

Graphical Abstract

Biogas production from restaurant waste with the addition of co-substrate variation of tofu liquid waste and cow dung

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Advances in Environmental Technology
Volume 12, Issue 1
January 2026
Pages 76-88

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  • Receive Date: 11 March 2025
  • Revise Date: 21 December 2025
  • Accept Date: 22 December 2025

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