Statistical analysis of tropospheric ozone and its precursors using principal component analysis in an urban area of Surat, India

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Civil Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the sources of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors in an urban area using principal component analysis. Chemically reactive conventional pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), as well as some selected meteorological parameters such as global solar radiation (SR), air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and wind direction (WD), were incorporated in this analysis. Real-time observation data were obtained from two monitoring stations, Limbayat and Varachha, situated in Surat city, India. The occurrence of a peak O3 level in the summer at 5 p.m. proved the well-known fact of interconnection among the temperature, solar radiation, and increment in O3 concentration. The potencies of CO and NOwere remarkable in either the first or second principal component (PC) observed at both locations with more than 45% concentration, which alluded that the main source of O3 was urban transportation and AT contributed with 50% weightage in the PC ascertained key role of photolysis process in the O3 formation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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[24] Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y., Prévôt, A. S. (2014). High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature, 514(7521), 218–222.
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[1] Kamyotra, S. J. S., Saha, D., Tyagi, S. K., Sen, A. K., Srivastava, R. C., Pathak, A. (2011). Guidelines for the measurement of ambient air pollutants.1–7
[2] Pleijel, H. (1999). Ground-Level Ozone – A Threat to Vegetation. Swedish Environmental protection agency.
[3] Mukherjee, A., Agrawal, S. B., Agrawal, M. (2018). Intra-urban variability of ozone in a tropical city—characterization of local and regional sources and major influencing factors. Air quality, atmosphere and health, 11(8), 965–977.
[4] Marathe, S. A., Murthy, S. (2015). Seasonal Variation in Surface Ozone Concentrations, Meteorology and Primary Pollutants in Coastal Mega City of Mumbai, India. Journal of climatology and weather forecasting, 03(03), 1–10.
[5] Chattopadhyay, G., Midya, S. K., Chattopadhyay, S. (2021). Information Theoretic Study of the Ground-Level Ozone and Its Precursors Over Kolkata, India, During the Summer Monsoon. Iranian journal of science and technology, transaction A: science, 45(1), 201–207.
[6] Fowler, D., Amann, M., Anderson, R., Ashmore, M., Cox, P., Depledge, M., Derwent, D., Grennfelt, P., Hewitt, N., Hov, O., Jenkin, M. (2008). Ground-level ozone in the 21st century: future trends, impacts and policy implications. The royal society, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2008/ground-level-ozone.
[7] Lu, X., Zhang, L., Shen, L. (2019). Meteorology and climate influences on tropospheric ozone: a review of natural sources, chemistry, and transport patterns. Current pollution reports, 5(4), 238–260.
[8] Roberts-Semple, D., Song, F., Gao, Y. (2012). Seasonal characteristics of ambient nitrogen oxides and ground-level ozone in metropolitan northeastern New Jersey. Atmospheric pollution research, 3(2), 247–257.
[9] Belis, C. a, Larsen, B. R., Amato, F., Haddad, I. El, Favez, O., Harrison, R. M., Hopke, P. K., Nava, S., Paatero, P., Prévôt, A., Quass, U., Vecchi, R., Viana, M. (2014). European guide on air pollution source Apportionment with receptor models. EUR  Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union.
[10] Shi, G., Liu, J., Wang, H., Tian, Y., Wen, J., Shi, X., Feng, Y., Ivey, C. E., Russell, A. G. (2018). Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models. Environmental pollution, 233, 1058–1067.
[11] Sheesley, R. J. ed. (2018). Air Quality and Source Apportionment. MDPI AG-multidisciplinary digital publishing institute.
[12] Núñez-Alonso, D., Pérez-Arribas, L. V., Manzoor, S., Cáceres, J. O. (2019). Statistical Tools for Air Pollution Assessment: Multivariate and Spatial Analysis Studies in the Madrid Region. Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 1-9.
[13] Polanco Martínez, J. M. (2016). The role of principal component analysis in the evaluation of air quality monitoring networks 1 Introduction. Comunicaciones en estadística, 9(2), 255–277.
[14] Bartholomew, D. J. (2010). Principal components analysis. International encyclopedia of education, 374–377.
[15] Mia, R., Selim, M., Shamim, A. M., Chowdhury, M., Sultana, S., Armin, M., Hossain, M., Akter, R., Dey, S.,  Naznin, H. (2019). Review on various types of pollution problem in textile dyeing and printing industries of Bangladesh and recommandation for mitigation. Journal of textile engineering and fashion technology, 5(4), 220–226.
[16] Tiwari. M., Babel.S. n.d. (2013). Air pollution in textile industry. Asian journal of environmental science, 8(1), 64–66.
[17] Verma, N. 2018. An investigation of ozone formation through its precursors (CO; NOx; VOC) and its loss processes at a sub-urban site of agra. Dayalbagh educational institute.
[18] Lai, T. L., Talbot, R.,  Mao, H. (2012). An investigation of two highest ozone episodes during the last decade in New England. Atmosphere, 3(1), 59–86.
[19] Spreitzer, E., Attinger, R., Boettcher, M., Forbes, R., Wernli, H., Joos, H. (2019). Modification of potential vorticity near the tropopause by nonconservative processes in the ECMWF model. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 76(6), 1709–1726.
[20] andhya, M., Sridharan, S., Indira Devi, M., Gadhavi, H. (2015). Tropical upper tropospheric ozone enhancements due to potential vorticity intrusions over Indian sector. Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics, 132, 147–152.
[21] Junninen, H., Niska, H., Tuppurainen, K., Ruuskanen, J., Kolehmainen, M. (2004). Methods for imputation of missing values in air quality data sets. Atmospheric environment, 38(18), 2895–2907.
[22] Moshenberg, S., Lerner, U., Fishbain, B. (2015). Spectral methods for imputation of missing air quality data. Environmental systems research, 4(26) 1-13.
[23] Korhale, N., Anand, V., Beig, G. (2021). Disparity in ozone trends under COVID-19 lockdown in a closely located coastal and hillocky metropolis of India. Air quality, atmosphere and health, 14(4), 533–542.
[24] Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y., Prévôt, A. S. (2014). High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature, 514(7521), 218–222.
[25] Larsen, R. I. (1966). Air pollution from motor vehicles. Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 136(12), 277–301.
[26] Transport research wing of the ministry of road transport and highways. 2019. The road transport year book. New Delhi.
[27] Guttikunda, S. K., Nishadh, K. A., Gota, S., Singh, P., Chanda, A., Jawahar, P., Asundi, J. (2019). Air quality, emissions, and source contributions analysis for the Greater Bengaluru region of India. Atmospheric pollution research, 10(3), 941-953.
[28] Winkler, S. L., Anderson, J. E., Garza, L., Ruona, W. C., Vogt, R., Wallington, T. J. (2018). Vehicle criteria pollutant (pm, no x, co, hcs) emissions: how low should we go?. Npj Climate and atmospheric science, 1(1), 1-5.
[29] Reports. (2020). Air quality analysis during summer lockdown : Some highlights. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).
 
 
 
 
Advances in Environmental Technology
Volume 7, Issue 1
January 2021
Pages 1-10

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  • Receive Date: 12 April 2021
  • Revise Date: 17 July 2021
  • Accept Date: 20 July 2021

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