Reusability, optimization, and adsorption studies of modified graphene oxide in the removal of Direct Red 81 using response surface methodology

Azizi, Avideh; Moniri, Elham; Hassani, Amir Hessam; Ahmad Panahi, Homayon

doi:10.22104/aet.2021.4347.1239

Reusability, optimization, and adsorption studies of modified graphene oxide in the removal of Direct Red 81 using response surface methodology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Chemistry, Varain (Pishva) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Iran

³ Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.22104/aet.2021.4347.1239

Abstract

In the present study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the oxidation of graphite powder using the Hummers method. The GO was polymerized with poly methyl vinyl ketone (PMVK) and aniline (GO-MVK-ANI). It was utilized as the effective adsorbent towards the removal of Direct Red 81 (DR 81) in aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization and adsorption studies of Direct Red 81 removal using GO-MVK-ANI. According to the RSM results, the effects of the main parameters (the adsorbent dose, contact time, and pH) in dye removal efficiency were investigated. The R² value of 99.99% indicated that the predictions of the RSM model were acceptable for Direct Red 81 adsorption onto the adsorbent. The regeneration of GO-MVK-ANI for the dye adsorption showed fine efficacy in up to seven times of recyclability. The RSM model was used to evaluate the respective minimum and maximum values of 56.52% and 99.90% for the removal efficiencies of Direct Red 81.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Adsorption

References

[1] Konicki, W., Hełminiak, A., Arabczyk, W., Mijowska, E. (2017). Removal of anionic dyes using magnetic Fe@graphite core-shell nanocomposite as an adsorbent from aqueous solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 497, 155-164.

[2] Peng, X., Huang, D., Odoom-Wubah, T., Fu, D., Huang, J., Qin, Q. (2014). Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on ferromagnetic ordered mesoporous carbon from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetics. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 430, 272-282.

[3] Konicki,W., Aleksandrzak, M., Moszyński, D., Mijowska, E. (2017). Adsorption of anionic azo-dyes from aqueous solutions onto graphene oxide: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of colloid and interface science, 496, 188-200.

[4] Khamparia, S., Jaspal, D. (2016). Adsorptive removal of Direct Red 81 dye from aqueous solution onto argemone mexicana. Sustainable environment research, 26(3), 117-123.

[5] Cheng, Z., Zhang, L., Guo, X., Jiang, X., Li, T. (2015). Adsorption behavior of Direct Red 80 and congo red onto activated carbon/surfactant: Process optimization, kinetics and equilibrium. Spectrochimica acta part A, 137, 1126-1143.

[6] Qi, Y., Yang, M., Xu, W., He, S., Men, Y. (2017). Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 486, 84-96.

[7] Zodi, S., Merzouk, B., Potier, O., Lapicque, F., Leclerc, J. P. (2013). Direct red 81 dye removal by a continuous flow electrocoagulation/ flotation reactor. Separation and purification technology, 108, 215-222.

[8] Yang, S., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Yang, W., Song, G. (2015). Enhanced adsorption of Congo red dye by functionalized carbon nanotube/mixed metal oxides nanocomposites derived from layered double hydroxide precursor. Chemical engineering journal, 275, 315-321.

[9] El-Bindary, A. A., Hussien, M. A., Diab, M. A., Eessa, A. M. (2014). Adsorption of Acid Yellow 99 by polyacrylonitrile/activated carbon composite: Kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm studies. Journal of molecular liquids, 197, 236-242.

[10] El Boujaady, H., Mourabet, M., Bennani-Ziatni, M., Taitai, A. (2014). Adsorption/desorption of Direct Yellow 28 on apatitic phosphate: Mechanism, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of the association of Arab universities for basic and applied sciences, 16, 64-73.

[11] Sharififard, H. (2018). Statistical physics modeling of equilibrium adsorption of cadmium ions onto activated carbon, chitosan and chitosan/activated carbon composite. Advances in environmental technology, 4(3), 149-154.

[12] Sharififard, H., Lashanizadegan, A., Pazira, R., Darvishi, P. (2018). Xylene removal from dilute solution by palm kernel activated charcoal: Kinetics and equilibrium analysis. Advances in environmental technology, 4(2), 107-117.

[13] Azizi, A., Torabian, A., Moniri, E., Hassani, A. H., Ahmad Panahi, H. (2017). Novel synthesis of graphene oxide with polystyrene for the adsorption of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes from wastewater. Desalination and water treatment, 74, 248-257.

[14] Azizi, A., Torabian, A., Moniri, E., Hassani, A. H., Ahmad Panahi, H. (2018). Investigating the removal of ethylbenzene from aqueous solutions using modified graphene oxide: Application of response surface methodology. International journal of environmental science and technology, 15(12), 2669-2678.

[15] Rokni, S., Shirazi, R. H. S. M., Miralinaghi, M., Moniri, E. (2020). Efficient adsorption of anionic dyes onto magnetic graphene oxide coated with polyethylenimine: Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies. Research on chemical intermediates, 46(4), 2247-2274.

[16] De Assis, L. K., Damasceno, B. S., Carvalho, M. N., Oliveira, E. H., Ghislandi, M. G. (2020). Adsorption capacity comparison between graphene oxide and graphene nanoplatelets for the removal of coloured textile dyes from wastewater. Environmental technology, 41(18), 2360-2371.

[17] Hummers, W. S., Offeman, R. E. (1958). Preparation of graphitic oxide. Journal of the American chemical society, 80(6), 1339.

[18] Azizi, A., Alavi Moghaddam, M. R., Arami, M. (2011). Application of response surface methodology for optimization of reactive blue 19 dye removal from aqueous solutions using pulp and paper sludge. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 20(4), 929-938.

[19] Kafshgari, L. A., Ghorbani, M., Azizi, A., Agarwal, S., Gupta, V. K. (2017). Modeling and optimization of Direct Red 16 adsorption from aqueous solutions using nanocomposite of MnFe₂O₄/MWCNTs: RSM-CCRD model. Journal of molecular liquids, 233, 370-377.

[20] Azizi, A., Alavi Moghaddam, M. R., Arami, M. (2012). Application of wood waste for removal of reactive blue 19 from aqueous solutions: Optimization through response surface methodology. Environmental engineering and management journal, 11(4), 795-804.

[21] Ganesan, P., Kamaraj, R., Vasudevan, S. (2013). Application of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models for the adsorption of nitrate ions on graphene from aqueous solution. Journal of the Taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 44(5), 808-814.

[22] Sharma, P., Saikia, B. K., Das, M. R. (2014). Removal of methyl green dye molecule from aqueous system using reduced graphene oxide as an efficient adsorbent: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters. Colloids and surfaces A, 457, 125-133.

[23] Sadaf, S., Bhatti, H. N., Nausheen, S., Amin, M. (2015). Application of a novel lignocellulosic biomaterial for the removal of Direct Yellow 50 dye from aqueous solution: Batch and column study. Journal of the Taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 47, 160-170.

[24] Minitha, C. R., Lalitha, M., Jeyachandran, Y. L., Senthilkumar, L., Rajendra Kumar, R. T. (2017). Adsorption behaviour of reduced graphene oxide towards cationic and anionic dyes: Co-action of electrostatic and π – π interactions. Materials chemistry and physics, 194, 243-252.

[25] Ghaedi, M., Sadeghian, B., Pebdani, A. A., Sahraei, R., Daneshfar, A., Duran, C. (2012). Kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium evaluation of direct yellow 12 removal by adsorption onto silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon. Chemical engineering journal, 187, 133-141.

[26] Doulati Ardejani, F., Badii, K., Yousefi Limaee, N., Mahmoodi, N. M., Arami, M., Shafaei, S. Z., Mirhabibi, A. R. (2007). Numerical modelling and laboratory studies on the removal of Direct Red 23 and Direct Red 80 dyes from textile effluents using orange peel, a low-cost adsorbent. Dyes and pigments, 73(2), 178-185.

[27] De Jesus da Silveira Neta, J., Costa Moreira, G., Da Silva, C. J., Reis, C., Reis, E. L. (2011). Use of polyurethane foams for the removal of the Direct Red 80 and Reactive Blue 21 dyes in aqueous medium. Desalination, 281, 55-60.

[28] Doulati Ardejani, F., Badii, K., Yousefi Limaee, N., Shafaei, S. Z., Mirhabibi, A. R. (2008). Adsorption of Direct Red 80 dye from aqueous solution onto almond shells: Effect of pH, initial concentration and shell type. Journal of hazardous materials, 151(2-3), 730-737.

[29] Arami, M., Yousefi Limaee, N., Mahmoodi, N. M., Tabrizi, N. S. (2006). Equilibrium and kinetics studies for the adsorption of direct and acid dyes from aqueous solution by soy meal hull. Journal of hazardous materials, 135(1-3), 171-179.

[30] Deng, X., Lü, L., Li, H., Luo, F. (2010). The adsorption properties of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on functionalized graphene prepared by electrolysis method. Journal of hazardous materials, 183(1-3), 923-930.

[31] Rajesh, R., Iyer, S. S., Ezhilan, J., Kumar, S. S., & Venkatesan, R. (2016). Graphene oxide supported copper oxide nanoneedles: An efficient hybrid material for removal of toxic azo dyes. Spectrochimica acta Part A, 166, 49-55.

[32] Chowdhury, S., Balasubramanian, R. (2014). Recent advances in the use of graphene-family nanoadsorbents for removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. Advances in colloid and interface science, 204, 35-56.