Iranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Investigating microbial fuel cell performance by developing salt bridge from agar and activated carbon derived from pine cones116129148210.22104/aet.2024.7008.1923ENAnujiSainiDepartment of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, H.P., P. O. Box: 177005, India0009-0003-5371-6782VijayShankarDepartment of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, H.P., P. O. Box: 177005, IndiaJournal Article20240723The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a sustainable innovation that treats wastewater and yields energy by degrading organic matter. An agar salt bridge is an essential component of MFC, which reduces its cost and allows hydrogen ion transfer. This study focused on using activated carbon produced from pine cones (ACPC) in the preparation of the agar salt bridge. In the present study, the concentration of agar and ACPC was varied to develop different MFC setups designated as MFC-1, 2, and 3. The optimum dose of agar and ACPC was observed in MFC-1, which contained 2% (w/v) ACPC with 8% (w/v) agar. The maximum value of open circuit voltage, current, power density, and COD removal efficiency for MFC-1 was 421 mV, 1.052 A, 61.51 mW/m2, and 65.84%, respectively. Activated carbon has a high specific surface area, allowing for a higher number of proton transfers through the agar salt bridge. Because of the effective ion transfer in MFC-1, the voltage and current values increased until day four and remained stable until day twelve, beyond which the output decreased; however, the MFC-1 continued to provide readings up to the twentieth day of the investigations. The outcome of the study clearly indicates the potential of using ACPC in agar salt bridges to enhance the efficient transportation of hydrogen ions.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1482_90b724056477ae066b342a8867e4df23.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Investigation and comparative analysis of materials, efficiency, and design in microbial electrolysis cells for biomethane production130163149010.22104/aet.2024.6622.1811ENNibeditaDebBioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustaiability, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTawfikurRahmanBioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustaiability, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, BangladeshMD. ZahangirAlamBioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustaiability, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMohammed SaediJamiBioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustaiability, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMd ShohidullahMiahCollege of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, BangladeshJournal Article20231221The escalating global demand for energy and the imperative to address greenhouse gas emissions have spurred the exploration of alternative energy sources. Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) have emerged as a promising technology, converting organic compounds into electrical energy and hydrogen gas. A recent breakthrough, namely a hybrid (H-MEC) system, integrates electromethanogenesis to convert CO2 to methane, offering a novel avenue for efficiently harnessing renewable energy and mitigating emissions. This paper underscores the significance of optimizing the design, materials, and operational strategies to enhance the scalability and efficiency of MEC-based electromethanogenesis. Traditional anaerobic digestion processes, converting biomass residues and food waste into hydrocarbon bioenergy, are being redefined through the integration of H-MECs. This integration presents opportunities for improved effluent treatment, heightened methane production, and the generation of valuable compounds. Recent studies reveal the remarkable ability of ionic conductivity and electrochemical reactions within bacteria to synthesize hydrocarbons, emphasizing factors such as microbes, biofilm development, substrates, and electrode surfaces for amplified methane yields. H-MECs demonstrate exceptional versatility in consuming diverse substances, notably untreated food waste, positioning them as potent microbial biocatalysts. The diligent exploration of this domain has given rise to various H-MEC technologies for hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction. This review delves into the mechanisms and methodologies of H-MECs for electromethanogenesis through varied biochemical reactions, shedding light on single or double-chambered MECs and reactor materials. Furthermore, it elucidates the production of methane and hydrogen via the hydrogen and organic water evolution process coupled with catalyst support systems. By comprehensively exploring H-MECs, this review contributes to a nuanced understanding of their potential and implications in advancing sustainable energy solutions and achieving emissions reduction goals. The integration of electromethanogenesis into MEFCs holds promise for ushering in a new era of cleaner energy production and environmental sustainability.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1490_87a0642f9750c4e42e8240e695025e51.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Geospatial analysis of industrial and agricultural pollution impact on pond water quality in Raipur district, central India164181149710.22104/aet.2024.7066.1945ENSagar KumarRajakDepartment of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Great Eastern Road Raipur, P.O. Box: 492010, Chhattisgarh, IndiaPankajChelakCentre for Energy and Environment, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, P. O. Box: 144008, Punjab, IndiaKavitaTapadiaDepartment of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Great Eastern Road Raipur, P.O. Box: 492010, Chhattisgarh, IndiaJournal Article20240822This study attempts to fill the critical need for comprehensive data on pond water quality in the central region of rural India, with an emphasis on the industrial and agricultural zone of Chhattisgarh’s Raipur district. Geospatial tools were used to map pollution distribution and identify contamination hotspots across the district. The study employs geospatial analysis and mapping methods to assess physicochemical factors, such as pH, EC, TDS, DO, and concentrations of metals, alongside the Water Quality Index (WQI) and other water quality indicators to evaluate the overall impact of industrial and agricultural pollution on pond water quality. Ponds are increasingly in danger due to pollution from domestic waste, industrial discharge, and agricultural runoff, even though they are essential for everyday tasks like irrigation and drinking. Twenty ponds were selected for analysis based on their proximity to industrial zones and agricultural activities. Water samples were collected and analysed for key physicochemical parameters and specific metal contaminants for WQI. The total WQI score was 115.74, indicating severe contamination across the sampled ponds. This high WQI score underscores the urgent need for remediation efforts to address pollution and protect public health. The results offer insightful information about the declining condition of pond water quality, emphasizing the need for prompt action and long-term sustainable management strategies. Bioremediation methods such as phytoremediation, microbial treatment, and adsorption techniques (e.g., activated carbon) can effectively remediate water contaminated by industrial and agricultural pollutants, improving water quality sustainably and cost-effectively.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1497_d79caec58a768a8956988589a1e6f9d8.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Eco-friendly solutions for urban wastewater: evaluating constructed wetlands and filtration methods182194150310.22104/aet.2025.6887.1887ENDianMajidDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Jalan Dukuh Menanggal XII/4 Surabaya, 60234, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaMuhammadAl KholifDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Jalan Dukuh Menanggal XII/4 Surabaya, 60234, Jawa Timur, Indonesia0000-0001-6757-6598Muhamad NasrudinArifDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Jalan Dukuh Menanggal XII/4 Surabaya, 60234, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaEnvironmental Laboratory and Consulting Service Company, Manyar Mas Karimun, Industrial Business Park B-35. Jalan Raya Manyar Km. 11, Gresik, 61151, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.JokoSutrisnoDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Jalan Dukuh Menanggal XII/4 Surabaya, 60234, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaJin-WeiZhangCenter of Environmental Governance Research, National Environmental Research Academy, Ministry of Environment, Taoyuan, 320680, TaiwanJournal Article20240518Urban domestic wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), which pose significant environmental risks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CW) and filtration methods as biological pre-treatments to reduce these pollutants. Three reactors were employed: two types of CW using water bamboo (Equisetum hyemale) and water jasmine (Enchinodorus palifolius) and a filtration unit without plants utilizing sand and gravel as media. This design facilitated a comparative analysis under controlled laboratory conditions. The filtration method demonstrated superior performance in reducing BOD, COD, and TSS compared to the CW setups. Although all methods surpassed the quality standards set by regional regulations, filtration showed a higher removal efficiency, especially for TSS, which was effectively trapped in the filter media. The study highlights the differential capabilities of plant-based systems versus physical filtration in treating urban wastewater. While all tested systems effectively reduced pollutant levels below the mandated standards, the integration of filtration systems offers a more consistent and higher efficiency, particularly for TSS removal. These results underscore the potential of combining biological and physical treatment processes to enhance urban wastewater management strategies.industrial and agricultural pollutants, improving water quality sustainably and cost-effectively.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1503_3d085d3ad67b087e55ef2478bbbf7ca8.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Thermal activation and loading of Clay/TiO₂/CTAB composite: physicochemical characterization and adsorption-photodegradation of methyl orange193206150410.22104/aet.2025.6993.1920ENNohongNohongDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, IndonesiaJuneti Tandi LimbongBaratauDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, IndonesiaDwiprayogoWibowoDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Kendari, IndonesiaFaizalMustapaMarine Science, Institut Teknologi & Bisnis Muhammadiyah Kolaka, Kolaka, IndonesiaAhmadZulfanNickel Research Institute, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Kendari, IndonesiaMaulidiyahMaulidiyahDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, IndonesiaMuhammadNurdinDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia0000-0002-6727-9283Journal Article20240714The discharge of textile effluents induces organic pollutants that necessitate attention to ensure environmental sustainability. This study presents eco-synthesis and an enhanced adsorption-photocatalyst over a Clay/TiO2/CTAB composite for photodegradation of an organic dye pollutant (Methyl Orange; MO). Natural clay used in this work was purified via hydrothermal treatment to produce activated clay. Subsequently, TiO2 was intercalated with CTAB surfactant and combined with clay to obtain the Clay/TiO2/CTAB composite. The material was synthesized via a dispersion and centrifugation process. The presence of TiO2 pillared Clay/CTAB showed important photocatalytic properties and high-adsorption performance for the degradation of the MO compound. The Clay/TiO2/CTAB was found to be the most effective adsorption-photocatalyst when compared using homogeneous material. The natural clay was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while Clay/TiO2/CTAB was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The successful formation of the Clay/TiO2/CTAB was indicated by FTIR analysis under the wavenumber shown in the fingerprint region predicting the presence of Al-OH and O-Ti-O elements (450-1000 cm-1), while CTAB was generalized to form amide bonds (1360 cm-1). Confirmation of the XRF data shows Clay contains high SiO2 and Al2O3 with good crystallinity, as well as Clay/TiO2 and Clay/TiO2/CTAB, showing crystallinity patterns of quartz, kaolinite, anatase, rutile, and montmorillonite. The micrographs of the synthesized materials show rough surfaces and non-uniform surfaces with different TiO2 grains widely dispersed on the surface. The adsorption-photocatalyst performance of the Clay/TiO2/CTAB composite was evaluated in three parameters, namely pH optimization, contact time, and degradation ability, showing excellent degradation performance at a pH 5 with 60 minutes contact time with a degradation efficiency of 89.90%. Clay/TiO2/CTAB material influenced the adsorption ability and changed the acidity of the waste to make the treated wastewater environmentally safe.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1504_ffaeb4fb657e914bda02a291c240d034.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Production of citric acid from food waste using Aspergillus Tubingensis and Aspergillus Niger207219151110.22104/aet.2025.7212.1989ENAabidaParveenInstitute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanToobaNaveedCentre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Labs Complex, Shahra-e-SalimuzzanSiddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi, 75280, PakistanSuraiyaJabeenInstitute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanFarmanAhmedFood and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-SalimuzzamanSiddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi, 75280, Sindh, 74200, PakistanNidaSaleemFood and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-SalimuzzamanSiddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi, 75280, Sindh, 74200, PakistanJournal Article20241113Millions of tons of organic waste are produced annually, but no proper disposal method is practiced that minimizes organic waste in an environmentally friendly manner. Such waste has harmful effects on human health and the environment. Organic wastes can be utilized to synthesize industrial products like citric acid. A number of microorganisms have been used in fermentation studies of citric acid. The genus Aspergillus is reported as being a prominent species in the production of a variety of enzymes and organic acids. Exploring more productive strains and valorization of biomass are the most crucial steps in promoting economically viable and useful industrial products such as citric acid, etc. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the potential of locally isolated A. tubingensis for the first time and A.niger for citric acid production. Segregated kitchen waste, crude molasses, and sucrose were used as substrates. Additionally, the effects of pH, carbon, nitrogen, and methanol were also monitored. The findings indicated that the highest yield, i.e., 16.14+0.03g/l, was produced by the A. tubingensisin fermentation media containing sucrose, 1.0% ammonium nitrate (AN), and 2.0% methanol, while 15.97+0.01g/l was produced by the A.nigerin fermentation media containing sucrose, 1.0% ammonium nitrate (AN), and 1.0 % methanol. The addition of methanol in the Aspergillus tubingens is fermentation media produced higher yields of citric acid. The findings demonstrated that A. tubingensis is a potential contender for the production of citric acid. Furthermore, kitchen waste could be a sustainable and cost-effective substrate for citric acid production and can be managed in an eco-friendly way.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1511_5960a764cc01d1c4d9dc559e816ab3f6.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyAdvances in Environmental Technology2476-667411220250401Evaluation of some regression models in the prediction of dissolved oxygen and water temperature of the Jarreh Dam, Iran220235151410.22104/aet.2025.7050.1940ENNajmehAnbarpourDepartment of Water Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.AmirNaserinDepartment of Water Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.Journal Article20240816The climate change phenomenon has resulted in increased unpredictability regarding water availability in dry and semi-dry areas. This challenge affects not just the amount of water accessible but also intensifies worries about the quality of water. Water quality is impacted by climate change, specifically through extreme fluctuations in precipitation and temperature and, consequently, more runoff and evaporation rates. The warmer temperature and less precipitation affect water temperature as well as ecosystem health. It is essential to consider how changes in water temperature (Tw) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are influenced by heat exchange with the surrounding environment to evaluate water quality comprehensively. The primary goal of this research is to assess alterations in Tw and DO utilizing regression models within the Jarreh Dam reservoir in southwestern Iran. The findings indicated that air temperature had a considerable impact on Tw, as the large reservoir of the dam reduced the influence of other weather factors and hydraulic conditions on variations in Tw and DO. The accuracy of Tw estimation increased with longer time scales, and using logistic equations further improved this precision. Additionally, the effects of stage fluctuations on Tw and DO were minimal due to slight variations in relative water depth. Consequently, it was essential to consider both the direct effects of temperature and the indirect influences of factors like water salinity when evaluating the impacts of climate change on dissolved oxygen in rivers. Additionally, of the two evaluated chemical parameters, the electrical conductivity model was important because of its impact on biological activities. In large water reservoirs where high turbulence through modifications is unfeasible, considering chemical and biological parameters may be more effective for optimizing DO levels than just adjusting water levels.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1514_95a782e867f5227d17866a9526cf16e7.pdf