ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of Kissiris/TiO2/Fe3O4/GOx Biocatalyst: Feasibility study of MG decolorization
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Fe3O4 magnetite particles were coated on spherical Kissirises; glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was immobilized on Kissiris/Fe3O4/TiO2 by physical adsorption. This catalyst was analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. The performance of the prepared biocatalyst in the decolorization of Malachite Green dye was investigated. The optimal operation parameters were 20 mg/L, 20 mM, 5.5 and 40 ̊C for initial dye concentration, initial glucose concentration, pH and temperature, respectively. Under these conditions, a 95% Malachite Green decolorization efficiency was obtained after 150 min of reaction by using 1 g of prepared heterogeneous bio-Fenton catalyst. In this process, in contrast to a conventional Fenton’s reaction, external hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion sources were not used. The effect of various reaction parameters such as initial concentration of dye, amount of catalyst, concentration of glucose, pH value and temperature on MG decolorization efficiency was studied.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_440_eef9895fd5ae32c9b7c9d22a94cb7fd0.pdf
2017-04-22
111
117
10.22104/aet.2017.440
Decolorization
Glucose oxidase
Kissiris
Heterogeneous Bio-Fenton
Vahide
Elhami
v.elhami68@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afzal
Karimi
akarimi@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Doğan, M., Abak, H., Alkan, M. (2009). Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: kinetics, mechanism and activation parameters. Journal of hazardous materials, 164(1), 172-181.
1
[2] Gupta, V. K., Mittal, A., Krishnan, L., Gajbe, V. (2004). Adsorption kinetics and column operations for the removal and recovery of malachite green from wastewater using bottom ash. Separation and purification technology, 40(1), 87-96.
2
[3] Jasińska, A., Różalska, S., Bernat, P., Paraszkiewicz, K., Długoński, J. (2012). Malachite green decolorization by non-basidiomycete filamentous fungi of Penicillium pinophilum and Myrothecium roridum. International biodeterioration and biodegradation, 73, 33-40.
3
[4] Srivastava, S., Sinha, R., Roy, D. (2004). Toxicological effects of malachite green. Aquatic toxicology, 66(3), 319-329.
4
[5] Nethaji, S., Sivasamy, A., Thennarasu, G., Saravanan, S. (2010). Adsorption of Malachite Green dye onto activated carbon derived from Borassus aethiopum flower biomass. Journal of hazardous materials, 181(1), 271-280.
5
[6] Khataee, A. R., Vatanpour, V., Ghadim, A. A. (2009). Decolorization of CI Acid Blue 9 solution by UV/Nano-TiO 2, Fenton, Fenton-like, electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes: a comparative study. Journal of hazardous materials, 161(2), 1225-1233.
6
[7] Aleboyeh, A., Kasiri, M. B., Olya, M. E., Aleboyeh, H. (2008). Prediction of azo dye decolorization by UV/H 2 O 2 using artificial neural networks.Dyes and pigments, 77(2), 288-294.
7
[8] Rauf, M. A., Meetani, M. A., Hisaindee, S. (2011). An overview on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in the presence of TiO2 doped with selective transition metals. Desalination, 276(1), 13-27.
8
[9] Xu, N., Zhang, Y., Tao, H., Zhou, S., Zeng, Y. (2013). Bio-electro-Fenton system for enhanced estrogens degradation. Bioresource technology, 138, 136-140.
9
[10] Zhang, G., Qin, L., Meng, Q., Fan, Z., Wu, D. (2013). Aerobic SMBR/reverse osmosis system enhanced by Fenton oxidation for advanced treatment of old municipal landfill leachate. Bioresource technology, 142, 261-268.
10
[11] Yalfani, M. S., Contreras, S., Medina, F., Sueiras, J. (2009). Phenol degradation by Fenton's process using catalytic in situ generated hydrogen peroxide. Applied catalysis B: Environmental, 89(3), 519-526.
11
[12] Barreca, S., Colmenares, J. J. V., Pace, A., Orecchio, S., Pulgarin, C. (2014). Neutral solar photo-Fenton degradation of 4-nitrophenol on iron-enriched hybrid montmorillonite-alginate beads (Fe-MABs). Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 282, 33-40.
12
[13] Osegueda, O., Dafinov, A., Llorca, J., Medina, F., Suerias, J. (2012). In situ generation of hydrogen peroxide in catalytic membrane reactors. Catalysis today, 193(1), 128-136.
13
[14] Torabi, S. F., Khajeh, K., Ghasempur, S., Ghaemi, N., Siadat, S. O. R. (2007). Covalent attachment of cholesterol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase on perlite through silanization: activity, stability and co-immobilization. Journal of biotechnology, 131(2), 111-120.
14
[15] Karimi, A., Aghbolaghy, M., Khataee, A., Shoa Bargh, S. (2012). Use of enzymatic bio-Fenton as a new approach in decolorization of malachite green. The scientific world journal, 2012.
15
[16] Ansari, S. A., Husain, Q. (2012). Potential applications of enzymes immobilized on/in nano materials: a review. Biotechnology advances, 30(3), 512-523.
16
[17] Karimi, A., Mahdizadeh, F., Salari, D., Niaei, A. (2011). Bio-deoxygenation of water using glucose oxidase immobilized in mesoporous MnO2. Desalination, 275(1), 148-153.
17
[18] Khataee, A. R., Fathinia, M., Aber, S., Zarei, M. (2010). Optimization of photocatalytic treatment of dye solution on supported TiO 2 nanoparticles by central composite design: intermediates identification. Journal of hazardous materials, 181(1), 886-897.
18
[19] Ghasemzadeh, R., Kargar, A., Lotfi, M. (2011, December). Decolorization of synthetic textile dyes by immobilized white-rot fungus. In international conference on chemical, ecology and environmental sciences, Pattaya (pp. 434-438).
19
[20] Jamshidian, H., Khatami, S., Mogharei, A., Vahabzadeha, F., Nickzad, A. (2013). Cometabolic degradation of para-nitrophenol and phenol by Ralstonia eutropha in a Kissiris-immobilized cell bioreactor. Korean Journal of chemical engineering, 30(11), 2052-2058.
20
[21] Karimi, A., Vahabzadeh, F., Bonakdarpour, B. (2006). Use of Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on Kissiris for synthetic dye decolourization: involvement of manganese peroxidase. World journal of microbiology and iotechnology, 22(12), 1251-1257.
21
[22] Tsoutsas, T., Kanellaki, M., Psarianos, C., Kalliafas, A., Koutinas, A. A. (1990). Kissiris: A mineral support for the promotion of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of fermentation and bioengineering, 69(2), 93-97.
22
[23] Xiao, P., Zhang, Y., Cao, G. (2011). Effect of surface defects on biosensing properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays.sensors and actuators B: Chemical, 155(1), 159-164.
23
[24] Meng, H., Wang, B., Liu, S., Jiang, R., Long, H. (2013). Hydrothermal preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe–TiO2 composite catalysts. Ceramics international, 39(5), 5785-5793.
24
[25] Shoaebargh, S., Karimi, A., Dehghan, G. (2014). Performance study of open channel reactor on AO7 decolorization using glucose oxidase/TiO2 /polyurethane under UV–vis LED. Journal of the Taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 45(4), 1677-1684.
25
[26] Ozmen, M., Can, K., Arslan, G., Tor, A., Cengeloglu, Y., Ersoz, M. (2010). Adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solution by using modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, 254(1), 162-169.
26
[27] Mesgari, Z., Gharagozlou, M., Khosravi, A., Gharanjig, K. (2012). Spectrophotometric studies of visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using phthalocyanine-modified Fe-doped TiO2nanocrystals. Spectrochimica acta part A: Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 92, 148-153.
27
[28] Fan, Y., Ma, C., Li, W., Yin, Y. (2012). Synthesis and properties of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites by hydrothermal synthetic method. Materials science in semiconductor processing, 15(5), 582-585.
28
[29] Zuo, S., Teng, Y., Yuan, H., Lan, M. (2008). Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on screen-printed electrodes through one-step enzyme immobilization process with silica sol–gel/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid film. Sensors and actuators B: Chemical, 133(2), 555-560.
29
[30] Abbas, M., Rao, B. P., Reddy, V., Kim, C. (2014). Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanocubes: Single-batch surfactantless synthesis, characterization and efficient catalysts for methylene blue degradation. Ceramicsi international, 40(7), 11177-11186.
30
[31] Hameed, B. H., Lee, T. W. (2009). Degradation of malachite green in aqueous solution by Fenton process. Journal of hazardous materials, 164(2), 468-472.
31
[32] Romanias, M. N., El Zein, A., Bedjanian, Y. (2012). Heterogeneous interaction of H2O2 with TiO2 surface under dark and UV light irradiation conditions. The journal of physical chemistry A, 116(31), 8191-8200.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predictive modeling of biomass production by Chlorella vulgaris in a draft-tube airlift photobioreactor
The objective of this study was to investigate the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris for CO2 biofixation and biomass production. Six mathematical growth models (Logistic, Gompertz, modified Gompertz, Baranyi, Morgan and Richards) were used to evaluate the biomass productivity in continuous processes and to predict the following parameters of cell growth: lag phase duration (λ), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), and maximum cell concentration (Xmax). The low root-mean-square error (RMSE) and high regression coefficients (R2) indicated that the models employed were well fitted to the experiment data and it could be regarded as enough to describe biomass production. Using statistical and physiological significance criteria, the Baranyi model was considered the most appropriate for quantifying biomass growth. The biological variables of this model are as follows: μmax=0.0309 h−1, λ=100 h, and Xmax=1.82 g/L.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_433_6bed85cba15d1e65c79b03959829a11a.pdf
2017-04-22
119
126
10.22104/aet.2017.433
Chlorella vulgaris
CO2, Photobioreactor
Predictive modeling
Mohsen
Mansouri
m.mansouri@ilam.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineerin, Ilam University
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Chang, H. X., Huang, Y., Fu, Q., Liao, Q., Zhu, X. (2016). Kinetic characteristics and modeling of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris growth and CO2 biofixation considering the coupled effects of light intensity and dissolved inorganic carbon. Bioresource technology, 206, 231-238.
1
[2] Adamczyk, M., Lasek, J., Skawińska, A. (2016). CO2 Biofixation and Growth Kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis gaditana. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 179(7), 1248-1261.
2
[3] Rahimi, M. R., Mosleh, S. (2015). CO2 removal from air in a countercurrent rotating packed bed, experimental determination of height of transfer unit. Advances in Environmental technology, 1(1), 25-30.
3
[4] Patino, R., Janssen, M., von Stockar, U. (2007). A study of the growth for the microalga Chlorella vulgaris by photo‐bio‐calorimetry and other on‐line and off‐line techniques. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 96(4), 757-767.
4
[5] Ogbonna, J. C., Masui, H., Tanaka, H. (1997). Sequential heterotrophic/autotrophic cultivation–an efficient method of producing Chlorella biomass for health food and animal feed. Journal of applied phycology, 9(4), 359-366.
5
[6] Andersen, R. A. (Ed.). (2005). Algal culturing techniques. Academic press.
6
[7] Pulz, O., Gross, W. (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 65(6), 635-648.
7
[8] Chisti, Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology advances, 25(3), 294-306.
8
[9] Droop, M. R. (1974). Heterotrophy of carbon. Algal physiology and biochemistry, 530-559.
9
[10] Richmond, A. (2004). Biological principles of mass cultivation. Handbook of micro algal culture: Biotechnology and applied phycology, 125-177.
10
[11] Vieira Costa, J. A., Colla, L. M., Filho, P. D., Kabke, K., Weber, A. (2002). Modelling of Spirulina platensis growth in fresh water using response surface methodology. World journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 18(7), 603-607.
11
[12] Çelekli, A., Balcı, M., Bozkurt, H. (2008). Modelling of scenedesmus obliquus; function of nutrients with modified Gompertz model. Bioresource technology, 99(18), 8742-8747.
12
[13] Bozkurt, H., Erkmen, O. (2001). Predictive modeling of Yersinia enterocolitica inactivation in Turkish feta cheese during storage. Journal of food engineering, 47(2), 81-87.
13
[14] Zwietering, M. H., Jongenburger, I., Rombouts, F. M., Van't Riet, K. (1990). Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Applied and environmental microbiology, 56(6), 1875-1881.
14
[15] Whiting, R. C. (1995). Microbial modeling in foods. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 35(6), 467-494.
15
[16] Çelekli, A., Yavuzatmaca, M. (2009). Predictive modeling of biomass production by Spirulina platensis as function of nitrate and NaCl concentrations. Bioresource technology, 100(5), 1847-1851.
16
[17] Anjos, M., Fernandes, B. D., Vicente, A. A., Teixeira, J. A., Dragone, G. (2013). Optimization of CO2 bio-mitigation by Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresource technology, 139, 149-154.
17
[18] Niizawa, I., Heinrich, J. M., Irazoqui, H. A. (2014). Modeling of the influence of light quality on the growth of microalgae in a laboratory scale photo-bio-reactor irradiated by arrangements of blue and red LEDs. Biochemical engineering journal, 90, 214-223.
18
[19] Lacerda, L. M. C. F., Queiroz, M. I., Furlan, L. T., Lauro, M. J., Modenesi, K., Jacob-Lopes, E., Franco, T. T. (2011). Improving refinery wastewater for microalgal biomass production and CO2 biofixation: predictive modeling and simulation. Journal of petroleum science and engineering, 78(3), 679-686.
19
[20] Rippka, R., Deruelles, J., Waterbury, J. B., Herdman, M., Stanier, R. Y. (1979). Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. Microbiology, 111(1), 1-61.
20
[21] Jacob-Lopes, E., Scoparo, C. H. G., Franco, T. T. (2008). Rates of CO2 removal by Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli in tubular photobioreactors.Chemical engineering and processing: Process intensification, 47(8), 1365-1373.
21
[22] Pearl, R., Reed, L. J. (1920). On the rate of growth of the population of the United States since 1790 and its mathematical representation. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 6(6), 275-288.
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[23] Verhulst, P. F. (1838). Notice sur la loi que la population suit dans son accroissement. correspondance mathématique et physique publiée par a.Quetelet, 10, 113-121.
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[24] Gompertz, B. (1825). On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, 115, 513-583.
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[25] Baranyi, J., Roberts, T. A., McClure, P. (1993). A non-autonomous differential equation to modelbacterial growth. Food microbiology, 10(1), 43-59.
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[26] Baranyi, J., Roberts, T. A. (1994). A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. International journal of food microbiology, 23(3-4), 277-294.
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[27] Baranyi, J. (1997). Simple is good as long as it is enough. Food microbiology, 14(2), 189-192.
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[28] Morgan, P. H., Mercer, L. P., Flodin, N. W. (1975). General model for nutritional responses of higher organisms. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 72(11), 4327-4331.
28
[29] Ross, T. (1996). Indices for performance evaluation of predictive models in food microbiology. Journal of applied bacteriology, 81(5), 501-508.
29
[30] Dong, Q., Tu, K., Guo, L., Li, H., Zhao, Y. (2007). Response surface model for prediction of growth parameters from spores of Clostridium sporogenes under different experimental conditions. Food microbiology, 24(6), 624-632
30
[31] Phua, S. T., Davey, K. R. (2007). Predictive modelling of high pressure (≤ 700MPa)–cold pasteurisation (≤ 25°C) of Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in three liquid foods. Chemical engineering and processing: Process intensification, 46(5), 458-464.
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[32] McDonald, K., Sun, D. W. (1999). Predictive food microbiology for the meat industry: a review. International journal of food microbiology, 52(1), 1-27.
32
[33] Hodaifa, G., Martínez, M. E., Sánchez, S. (2008). Use of industrial wastewater from olive-oil extraction for biomass production of Scenedesmus obliquus. Bioresource technology, 99(5), 1111-1117.
33
[34] Masson, Y., Ainsworth, P., Fuller, D., Bozkurt, H., İbanoǧlu, Ş. (2002). Growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida sake in homogenized mushrooms under modified atmosphere. Journal of food engineering, 54(2), 125-131.
34
[35] Jacob-Lopes, E., Lacerda, L. M. C. F., Franco, T. T. (2008). Biomass production and carbon dioxide fixation by Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli in a bubble column photobioreactor. Biochemical engineering journal, 40(1), 27-34.
35
[36] De Morais, M. G., Costa, J. A. V. (2007). Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. cultivated in flasks and vertical tubular photobioreactors. Biotechnology letters, 29(9), 1349-1352.
36
[37] Chiu, S. Y., Kao, C. Y., Chen, C. H., Kuan, T. C., Ong, S. C., Lin, C. S. (2008). Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. in a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresource technology, 99(9), 3389-3396.
37
[38] Sinetova, M. A., Červený, J., Zavřel, T., Nedbal, L. (2012). On the dynamics and constraints of batch culture growth of the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Journal of biotechnology, 162(1), 148-155.
38
[39] Hulatt, C. J., Thomas, D. N. (2011). Productivity, carbon dioxide uptake and net energy return of microalgal bubble column photobioreactors.Bioresource technology, 102(10), 5775-5787.
39
[40] Ho, S. H., Chen, W. M., Chang, J. S. (2010). Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N as a potential candidate for CO2 mitigation and biodiesel production.Bioresource technology, 101(22), 8725-8730.
40
[41] Bhola, V., Desikan, R., Santosh, S. K., Subburamu, K., Sanniyasi, E., Bux, F. (2011). Effects of parameters affecting biomass yield and thermal behaviour of Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 111(3), 377-382.
41
[42] Ugwu, C. U., Aoyagi, H., Uchiyama, H. (2008). Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae. Bioresource technology, 99(10), 4021-4028.
42
[43] Ramos-Suárez, J. L., Cuadra, F. G., Acién, F. G., Carreras, N. (2014). Benefits of combining anaerobic digestion and amino acid extraction from microalgae. Chemical engineering journal, 258, 1-9.
43
[44] Ling, X., Guo, J., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Wang, N., Lu, Y., Ng, I. S. (2015). Impact of carbon and nitrogen feeding strategy on high production of biomass and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by schizochytrium sp. LU310. Bioresource technology, 184, 139-147.
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[45] Lorenz, R. T., Cysewski, G. R. (2000). Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin. Trends in biotechnology, 18(4), 160-167.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Employing response surface analysis using for photocatalytic degradation of MTBE by nanoparticles
Since groundwaters are a major source of drinking water, their pollution with organic contaminants such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a very significant issue. Hence, this research investigated the photocatalytic degradation of MTBE in an aqueous solution of TiO2-ZnO-CoO nanoparticle under UV irradiation. In order to optimize photocatalytic degradation, response surface methodology was applied to assess the effects of experimental variables such as catalyst loading, initial concentration of MTBE and pH on the dye removal efficiency. The optimal condition to achieve the best degradation for the initial concentration of 30.58 mg/L of MTBE was found at a pH of 7.68 and a catalyst concentration of 1.68 g/L after 60 min.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_434_5ff5ea2d42b2aa8a9e1895558db59e65.pdf
2017-04-22
127
135
10.22104/aet.2017.434
Photocatalytic degradation
MTBE
TiO2-ZnO-CoO nanoparticles
Response surface method
Hossein
Lotfi
m.mansouri.usb@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nademi
atashi.usb@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Mansouri
m.mansouri@ilam.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineerin, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ebrahim
Olya
maraz2010@gmail.com
4
Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Belpoggi, F., Soffritti, M., Maltoni, C. (1995). Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE)—a gasoline additive—causes testicular and lympho haematopoietic cancers in rats. Toxicology and industrial health, 11(2), 119-149.
1
[2] Smith, A. E., Hristova, K., Wood, I., Mackay, D. M., Lory, E., Lorenzana, D., Scow, K. M. (2005). Comparison of biostimulation versus bioaugmentation with bacterial strain PM1 for treatment of groundwater contaminated with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Environmental health perspectives, 317-322.
2
[3] Danmaliki, G. I., Shamsuddeen, A. A., Usman, B. J. (2016). The effect of temperature, turbulence, and Ph on the solubility of MTBE. European journal of earth and environment, 3(2), 31-39.
3
[4] El Madani, M., Harir, M., Zrineh, A., El Azzouzi, M. (2015). Photodegradation of imazethapyr herbicide by using slurry and supported TiO2: Efficiency comparison. Arabian journal of chemistry, 8(2), 181-185.
4
[5] Pirkanniemi, K., Sillanpää, M. (2002). Heterogeneous water phase catalysis as an environmental application: a review. Chemosphere, 48(10), 1047-1060.
5
[6] Siuleiman, S., Kaneva, N., Bojinova, A., Papazova, K., Apostolov, A., Dimitrov, D. (2014). Photodegradation of Orange II by ZnO and TiO2 powders and nanowire ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 thin films. Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering aspects, 460, 408-413.
6
[7] Evgenidou, E., Fytianos, K., Poulios, I. (2005). Semiconductor-sensitized photodegradation of dichlorvos in water using TiO2 and ZnO as catalysts. Applied catalysis B: Environmental, 59(1), 81-89.
7
[8] Cui, L., Wang, Y., Niu, M., Chen, G., Cheng, Y. (2009). Synthesis and visible light photocatalysis of Fe-doped TiO2 mesoporous layers deposited on hollow glass microbeads. Journal of solid state chemistry, 182(10), 2785-2790.
8
[9] Moustakas, N. G., Kontos, A. G., Likodimos, V., Katsaros, F., Boukos, N., Tsoutsou, D, Falaras, P. (2013). Inorganic–organic core–shell titania nanoparticles for efficient visible light activated photocatalysis. Applied catalysis B: Environmental, 130, 14-24.
9
[10] Zhang, G., Qin, L., Meng, Q., Fan, Z., Wu, D. (2013). Aerobic SMBR/reverse osmosis system enhanced by Fenton oxidation for advanced treatment of old municipal landfill leachate. Bioresource technology, 142, 261-268.
10
[11] Lee, K. M., Lai, C. W., Ngai, K. S., Juan, J. C. (2016). Recent developments of zinc oxide based photocatalyst in water treatment technology: a review. Water research, 88, 428-448.
11
[12] Zhang, J., Fu, D., Xu, Y., Liu, C. (2010). Optimization of parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol using TiO2 as photocatalyst by response surface methodology. Journal of environmental sciences, 22(8), 1281-1289.
12
[13] Liu, P., Xu, Z., Ma, X., Peng, Z., Xiao, M., Sui, Y. (2016). Removal of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether via ZnO-AgCl Nanocomposite Photocatalyst. Materials research, 19(3), 680-685.
13
[14] Mansouri, M., Nademi, M., Olya, M. E., Lotfi, H. (2017). Study of Methyl tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) Photocatalytic Degradation with UV/TiO2-ZnO-CuO Nanoparticles. Journal of chemical health risks, 7(1). 19-32
14
[15] Pirkarami, A., Olya, M. E., Farshid, S. R. (2014). UV/Ni–TiO2 nanocatalyst for electrochemical removal of dyes considering operating costs. Water Resource and industry, 5, 9-20.
15
[16] Saien, J., Khezrianjoo, S. (2008). Degradation of the fungicide carbendazim in aqueous solutions with UV/TiO2 process: optimization, kinetics and toxicity studies. Journal of hazardous materials, 157(2), 269-276.
16
[17] Eslami, A., Nasseri, S., Yadollahi, B., Mesdaghinia, A., Vaezi, F., Nabizadeh, R., Nazmara, S. (2008). Photocatalytic degradation of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated water by ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 83(11), 1447-1453.
17
[18] Zhou, M., Yu, J., Cheng, B. (2006). Effects of Fe-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 powders prepared by an ultrasonic method. Journal of hazardous materials, 137(3), 1838-1847.
18
[19] An, T., An, J., Yang, H., Li, G., Feng, H., Nie, X. (2011). Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of antivirus drug-lamivudine in TiO2 dispersion. Journal of hazardous materials, 197, 229-236.
19
[20] Samaei, M. R., Maleknia, H., Azhdarpoor, A. (2016). A comparative study of removal of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) from aquatic environments through advanced oxidation methods of H2O2/nZVI, H2O2/nZVI/ultrasound, and H2O2/nZVI/UV. Desalination and water treatment, 57(45), 21417-21427.
20
[21] Moradi, H., Sharifnia, S., Rahimpour, F. (2015). Photocatalytic decolorization of reactive yellow 84 from aqueous solutions using ZnO nanoparticles supported on mineral LECA. Materials chemistry and physics, 158, 38-44.
21
[22] Hu, Q., Zhang, C., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Mao, K., Zhang, X., Zhu, M. (2008). Photodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2. Journal of hazardous materials, 154(1), 795-803.
22
[23] Safari, M., Nikazar, M., Dadvar, M. (2013). Photocatalytic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 19(5), 1697-1702.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Desorption of Reactive Red 198 from activated carbon prepared from walnut shells: effects of temperature, sodium carbonate concentration and organic solvent dose
This study investigated the effect of temperature, different concentrations of sodium carbonate,and the dose of organic solvent on the desorption of Reactive Red 198 dye from dye-saturated activated carbon using batch and continuous systems. The results of the batch desorption test showed 60% acetone in water as the optimum amount. However, when the concentration of sodium carbonate was raised, the dye desorption percentage increased from 26% to 42% due to economic considerations; 15 mg/L of sodium carbonate was selected to continue the processof desorption. Increasing the desorption temperature can improve the dye desorption efficiency.According to the column test results, dye desorption concentration decreased gradually with the passing of time. The column test results showed that desorption efficiency and the percentage of dye adsorbed decreased; however, it seemed to stabilize after three repeated adsorption/desorption cycles. The repeated adsorption–desorption column tests (3 cycles) showed that the activated carbon which was prepared from walnut shell was a suitable and economical adsorbent for dye removal.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_432_7eab348a2a6cbc63327344f0c5f521dc.pdf
2017-04-22
137
141
10.22104/aet.2017.432
Dye
activated carbon
Desorption
Batch system
Continuous system
Zohreh
Alimohamadi
zohrealimohamadi66@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibollah
Younesi
hunesi@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nader
Bahramifar
nbahramifar@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Çolak, F., Atar, N., Olgun, A. (2009). Biosorption of acidic dyes from aqueous solution by Paenibacillus macerans: Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies. Chemical engineering journal, 150(1), 122-130.
1
[2] Dizge, N., Aydiner, C., Demirbas, E., Kobya, M., Kara, S. (2008). Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by fly ash: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Journal of hazardous materials, 150(3), 737-746.
2
[3] Santhy, K., Selvapathy, P. (2006). Removal of reactive dyes from wastewater by adsorption on coir pith activated carbon. Bioresource technology, 97(11), 1329-1336.
3
[4] Crini, G., Badot, P. M. (2008). Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: a review of recent literature. Progress in polymer science, 33(4), 399-447.
4
[5] Sulak, M. T., Demirbas, E., Kobya, M. (2007). Removal of Astrazon Yellow 7GL from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto wheat bran. Bioresource technology, 98(13), 2590-2598.
5
[6] Karcher, S., Kornmüller, A., Jekel, M. (2002). Anion exchange resins for removal of reactive dyes from textile wastewaters. Water research, 36(19), 4717-4724.
6
[7] Lillo-Ródenas, M. A., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Linares-Solano, A. (2005). Behaviour of activated carbons with different pore size distributions and surface oxygen groups for benzene and toluene adsorption at low concentrations. Carbon, 43(8), 1758-1767.
7
[8] Yagmur, E., Ozmak, M., Aktas, Z. (2008). A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy. Fuel, 87(15), 3278-3285.
8
[9] Alimohammadi, Z., Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N. (2016). Batch and Column Adsorption of reactive Red 198 from textile industry effluent by microporous activated carbon developed from walnut shells. Waste and biomass valorization, 7(5), 1255-1270.
9
[10] Salleh, M. A. M., Mahmoud, D. K., Karim, W. A. W. A., Idris, A. (2011). Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: a comprehensive review. Desalination, 280(1), 1-13.
10
[11] Auta, M., Hameed, B. H. (2011). Preparation of waste tea activated carbon using potassium acetate as an activating agent for adsorption of Acid Blue 25 dye. Chemical engineering journal, 171(2), 502-509.
11
[12] Lu, P. J., Lin, H. C., Yu, W. T., Chern, J. M. (2011). Chemical regeneration of activated carbon used for dye adsorption. Journal of the Taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 42(2), 305-311.
12
[13] Cao, J. S., Lin, J. X., Fang, F., Zhang, M. T., Hu, Z. R. (2014). A new absorbent by modifying walnut shell for the removal of anionic dye: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Bioresource technology, 163, 199-205.
13
[14] Liu, C. H., Wu, J. S., Chiu, H. C., Suen, S. Y., Chu, K. H. (2007). Removal of anionic reactive dyes from water using anion exchange membranes as adsorbers. Water research, 41(7), 1491-1500.
14
[15] Mondal, M. K. (2009). Removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using activated tea waste: Adsorption on a fixed-bed column. Journal of environmental management, 90(11), 3266-3271.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis, characterization and degradation activity of Methyl orange Azo dye using synthesized CuO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite
This study investigated the photo-degradation of methyl orange (MO) as a type of azo dye using a CuO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite. A CuO/α-Fe2O3 powder with a crystalline size in the range of 27-49 nm was successfully prepared using simple co-precipitation along with a sonication method. The characterization of the synthesized sample was done via XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, FTIR and DRS analyses. The Tauc equation revealed that the band gap of the nano composite in the direct mood was 2.05 ev, which is in the visible light range. The effect of operating factors containing dye concentration, photocatalyst dosage and pH on dye degradation efficiency was measured. Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed to specify the parameter effects. The photocatalytic activity of the CuO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was evaluated by degradation of MO under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the pH value played a very effective role in the dye degradation process efficiency. Also, the photocatalytic degradation of MO obtained was equal to 88.47% in the optimal values.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_427_34cdb13011d30fad395f2123a31c1a93.pdf
2017-04-22
143
151
10.22104/aet.2017.427
Photodegradation
CuO/α-Fe2O3
Nano composite
Methyl orange
Respond surface method
Mohsen
Mehdipour Ghazi
mohsenmehdipour@semnan.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ilbeigi
m.ilbeigi@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Nanotechnology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Jahangiri
3
Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] de la Plata, G. B. O., Alfano, O. M., Cassano, A. E. (2010). Decomposition of 2-chlorophenol employing goethite as Fenton catalyst. I. Proposal of a feasible, combined reaction scheme of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Applied catalysis B: Environmental, 95(1), 1-13.
1
[2] Davis, R. J., Gainer, J. L., O'Neal, G., Wu, I. W. (1994). Photocatalytic decolorization of wastewater dyes. Water environment research, 66(1), 50-53.
2
[3] Matthews, R. W. (1991). Photooxidative degradation of coloured organics in water using supported catalysts. TiO2 on sand. Water research, 25(10), 1169-1176.
3
[4] Oyama, T., Otsu, T., Hidano, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Serpone, N., Hidaka, H. (2014). Remediation of aquatic environments contaminated with hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals by TiO2-photoassisted ozonation. Journal of environmental Chemical engineering, 2(1), 84-89.
4
[5] Barroso, M., Cowan, A. J., Pendlebury, S. R., Grätzel, M., Klug, D. R., Durrant, J. R. (2011). The role of cobalt phosphate in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of α-Fe2O3 toward water oxidation. Journal of the American chemical society, 133(38), 14868-14871.
5
[6] Zhou, L., Wang, W., Xu, H., Sun, S., Shang, M. (2009). Bi2O3 hierarchical nanostructures: controllable synthesis, growth mechanism, and their application in photocatalysis. Chemistry–A European journal, 15(7), 1776-1782.
6
[7] Ke, D., Liu, S., Dai, K., Zhou, J., Zhang, L., Peng, T. (2009). CdS/regenerated cellulose nanocomposite films for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation. The journal of physical chemistry C, 113(36), 16021-16026.
7
[8] Liu, X. M., Yang, G., Fu, S. Y. (2007). Mass synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel ferrites by a polymer-pyrolysis route. Materials science and engineering: C, 27(4), 750-755.
8
[9] Todorova, S., Cao, J. L., Paneva, D., Tenchev, K., Mitov, I., Kadinov, G. Idakiev, V. (2010). Mesoporous CuO-Fe 2 O 3 composite catalysts for complete n-hexane oxidation. Studies in surface science and catalysis, 175, 547-550.
9
[10] Jayaprakash, R., Seehra, M. S., Prakash, T., Kumar, S. (2013). Effect of α-Fe2O3 phase on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles. Journal of physics and chemistry of solids, 74(7), 943-949.
10
[11] Mallick, P., Dash, B. N. (2013). X-ray diffraction and UV-visible characterizations of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles annealed at different temperature. Nanoscience and nanotechnology, 3(5), 130-134.
11
[12] Morales, J., Sánchez, L., Martin, F., Ramos-Barrado, J. R., Sánchez, M. (2004). Nanostructured CuO thin film electrodes prepared by spray pyrolysis: a simple method for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CuO in lithium cells. Electrochimica acta, 49(26), 4589-4597.
12
[13] Lin, J., Lin, Y., Liu, P., Meziani, M. J., Allard, L. F., Sun, Y. P. (2002). Hot-fluid annealing for crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles in stable suspension. Journal of the American chemical society, 124(38), 11514-11518.
13
[14] Morales, A. E., Mora, E. S., Pal, U. (2007). Use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for optical characterization of un-supported nanostructures. Revista Mexicana de Fisica S, 53(5), 18.
14
[15] Tumuluri, A., Naidu, K. L., Raju, K. J. (2014). Band gap determination using Tauc’s plot for LiNbO3 thin films. Chemical technology, 6(6), 3353-3356.
15
[16] Torrent, J., Barrón, V. (2002). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of iron oxides. Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science, 1, 1438-1446.
16
[17] Mallick, P. (2014). Influence of different materials on the microstructure and optical band gap of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Materials science-Poland, 32(2), 193-197.
17
[18] Mallick, P., Dash, B. N. (2013). X-ray diffraction and UV-visible characterizations of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles annealed at different temperature. Nanoscience and nanotechnology, 3(5), 130-134.
18
[19] Al-Kuhaili, M. F., Saleem, M., Durrani, S. M. A. (2012). Optical properties of iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) thin films deposited by the reactive evaporation of iron. Journal of alloys and compounds, 521, 178-182.
19
[20] Shahmiri, M., Ibrahim, N. A., Zainuddin, N., Asim, N., Bakhtyar, B., Zaharim, A., Sopian, K. (2013). Effect of pH on the synthesis of CuO nanosheets by quick precipitation method. WSEAS transactions on environment and development, 9(2), 137-145.
20
[21] Kannaki, K., Ramesh, P. S., Geetha, D. (2012). Hydrothermal synthesis of CuO nanostructure and their characterizations. International journal of scientific and engineering research 3(9), 1-4.
21
[22] Darezereshki, E., Bakhtiari, F. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of tenorite (CuO) nanoparticles from smelting furnace dust (SFD). Journal of mining and metallurgy, section B: Metallurgy, 49(1), 21-26.
22
[23] Basavaraja, S., Balaji, D. S., Bedre, M. D., Raghunandan, D., Swamy, P. P., Venkataraman, A. (2011). Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of acicular α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Bulletin of materials science, 34(7), 1313-1317.
23
[24] Cho, I. H., Zoh, K. D. (2007). Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye (Reactive Red 120) in TiO2/UV system: optimization and modeling using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design. Dyes and pigments, 75(3), 533-543.
24
[25] Eskandarloo, H., Badiei, A., Haug, C. (2014). Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of an azo textile dye by using TiO2/NiO coupled nanoparticles: Optimization of synthesis and operational key factors. Materials science in semiconductor processing, 27, 240-253.
25
[26] Satheesh, R., Vignesh, K., Suganthi, A., Rajarajan, M. (2014). Visible light responsive photocatalytic applications of transition metal (M= Cu, Ni and Co) doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 2(4), 1956-1968.
26
[27] Kaur, B., Kumar, B., Garg, N., Kaur, N. (2015). Statistical optimization of conditions for decolorization of synthetic dyes by Cordyceps militaris MTCC 3936 using RSM. Biomed research international, 2015, 1-17.
27
[28] Wang, L., Fu, X., Han, Y., Chang, E., Wu, H., Wang, H., Qi, X. (2013). Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites. Journal of nanomaterials, 2013, 15.
28
[29] Topkaya, E., Konyar, M., Yatmaz, H. C., Öztürk, K. (2014). Pure ZnO and composite ZnO/TiO2 catalyst plates: a comparative study for the degradation of azo dye, pesticide and antibiotic in aqueous solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 430, 6-11.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Photocatalytic treatment of spent caustic wastewater in petrochemical industries
In this study, the photocatalytic method was used for treating the spent caustic in the wastewater of Olefin units used in petrochemical industries which contain large amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS). By using the synthetic photocatalyst of suspended titanium dioxide and measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) which was reduced in the photocatalyst (lbc) process, the values of COD were modeled and evaluated by means of the Box-Behnken (BBD) and the artificial neural network (ANN) using experimental tests in a double-cylindrical-shell photo reactor. According to the applied calculations, it was found that the artificial neural network was a more suitable method than the experimental design in modeling and forecasting the amount of COD removal. The modeling employed in this research showed that increasing the concentration of the photocatalyst in a state of neutral pH enhanced the COD removal up to the optimal amount of 1.31 g/L without restrictions and 2 g/L with restrictions at the rate of 81% and 79%, respectively. In addition, the study of the parameter effects including oxidizer amount, aeration rate, pH, and the amount of loaded catalyst indicated that all factors except pH had a positive effect on the model; furthermore, if the interactions were neglected, the COD removal efficiency would increase by increasing each of these factors (except pH). In addition, there was no interaction between the aeration and the concentration of the photocatalyst, and the acidic pH was more suitable at low concentrations of the photocatalyst. Besides that, by increasing the pH, the efficiency of removal was reduced when the oxidant was at its low level. The results showed that photolysis and adsorption adoptions had a very small effect on the efficiency of the removal of COD compared to the photocatalyst adoptions, and it was insignificant. In addition, the photocatalytic method had an acceptable capacity for removing the phenol in the wastewater sample, whereas it was inefficient in reducing the sulfide solution in the wastewater.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_443_cdfc3e5b214344db4b507e3ff87f5ac0.pdf
2017-04-22
153
168
10.22104/aet.2017.443
Photocatalytic wastewater treatment
Spent Caustic wastewater
Titanium dioxide
Artificial neural networks(ANN)
Design of experiment (DOE)
Aَli
Haghighi Asl
ahaghighi@semnan.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
ahmadpour
ahmadpour_amin@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Narges
fallah
nfallah2001@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] De Graaff, M., Bijmans, M. F., Abbas, B., Euverink, G. J., Muyzer, G., Janssen, A. J. (2011). Biological treatment of refinery spent caustics under halo-alkaline conditions. Bioresource technology, 102(15), 7257-7264.
1
[2] Kumfer, B., Felch, C., Maugans, C. (2010, March). Wet air oxidation treatment of spent caustic in petroleum refineries. In national petroleum refiners association conference, Phoenix, Arizona state (Vol. 23).
2
[3] Carlos, T. M. S., Maugans, C. B. (2000, September). Wet air oxidation of refinery spent caustic: a refinery case study. In NPRA conference, San Antonio, TX.
3
[4] Sheu, S. H., Weng, H. S. (2001). Treatment of olefin plant spent caustic by combination of neutralization and Fenton reaction. Water research, 35(8), 2017-2021.
4
[5] Rodriguez, N., Hansen, H. K., Nunez, P., Guzman, J. (2008). Spent caustic oxidation using electro-generated Fenton's reagent in a batch reactor. Journal of environmental science and health Part A, 43(8), 952-960.
5
[6] Nunez, P., Hansen, H. K., Rodriguez, N., Guzman, J., Gutierrez, C. (2009). Electrochemical generation of Fenton's reagent to treat spent caustic wastewater. Separation science and technology, 44(10), 2223-2233.
6
[7] Yu, Z. Z., Sun, D. Z., Li, C. H., Shi, P. F., Duan, X. D., Sun, G. R., Liu, J. X. (2003). UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation. Journal of environmental sciences (China), 16(2), 272-275.
7
[8] Hawari, A., Ramadan, H., Abu-Reesh, I., Ouederni, M. (2015). A comparative study of the treatment of ethylene plant spent caustic by neutralization and classical and advanced oxidation. Journal of environmental management, 151, 105-112.
8
[9] Abdulah, S. S., Hassan, M. A., Noor, Z. Z., Aris, A. (2011, September). Optimization of photo-Fenton oxidation of sulfidic spent caustic by using response surface methodology. In national postgraduate conference (NPC), 2011 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
9
[10] Chen, C. (2013). Wet air oxidation and catalytic wet air oxidation for refinery spent caustics degradation. Journal of the chemical Ssociety of Pakistan, 35(2), 244-250.
10
[11] Alaiezadeh,M.(2015).Spent caustic wastewater treatment with electrical coagulation method. The 1st international conference oil, gas, petrochemical and power plant.
11
[12] Montgomery,D.(2012).Design and Analysis of Experiments.6th ed.,John Wiley and Sons.
12
[13] Haykin,S.(2008).Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation.4th ed.,Prentice Hall PTR.
13
[14] Rehman, S., Ullah, R., Butt, A. M., Gohar, N. D. (2009). Strategies of making TiO2 and ZnO visible light active. Journal of hazardous materials, 170(2), 560-569.
14
[15] Rivera‐Utrilla, J., Bautista‐Toledo, I., Ferro‐García, M. A., Moreno‐Castilla, C. (2001). Activated carbon surface modifications by adsorption of bacteria and their effect on aqueous lead adsorption. Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 76(12), 1209-1215.
15
[16] Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (2005). in American Public Health Association (APHA):Washington, DC, USA, W.E. Federation and A.P.H. Association,Editors.
16
[17] Gaya, U. I., Abdullah, A. H. (2008). Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide: a review of fundamentals, progress and problems. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology C: Photochemistry reviews, 9(1), 1-12.
17
[18] Nelofer, R., Ramanan, R. N., Rahman, R. N. Z. R. A., Basri, M., Ariff, A. B. (2012). Comparison of the estimation capabilities of response surface methodology and artificial neural network for the optimization of recombinant lipase production by E. coli BL21. Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology, 39(2), 243-254.
18