Application of Taguchi Methodology in adsorption of Malachite Green dye using chemically enhanced Bambusa Tulda (Indian Timber Bamboo)

LASKAR, NIRBAN; Herbert, Arpan; Kumar, Upendra

doi:10.22104/aet.2023.5907.1622

Application of Taguchi Methodology in adsorption of Malachite Green dye using chemically enhanced Bambusa Tulda (Indian Timber Bamboo)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Mizoram University, India

² Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India

10.22104/aet.2023.5907.1622

Abstract

The capacity of Bambusa Tulda (BT) with chemical improvements to remove Malachite Green (MG) from water bodies is the main topic of this research. These improvements were achieved by employing an idealised Taguchi L16 orthogonal array design. The pH, starting dye concentration, bioadsorbent dose, and contact duration were all elements considered during the treatment process. Each one was found to have an impact. According to the findings, pH, preliminary dye concentration, contact duration, and bio-adsorbent dose in that order were the major elements in the elimination of MG dye. The optimal specific nitrification rate (SNR) conditions were determined to be pH-3, an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, a bio-adsorbent dose of 0.20 g/100 mL, and a contact time of 90 minutes. Contact time and bio-adsorbent dose were shown to have an effect on the results, while pH was the most relevant factor overall. This was confirmed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Adsorption occurred in a monolayer in the Langmuir isotherm model. The chemical may include hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, according to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the exterior morphology of the Bambusa Tulda. Malachite Green dye may be removed from wastewater using a bio-adsorbent made from chemically enhanced Bambusa Tulda.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Main Subjects

Adsorption

References

[1] Utkarsh, M., Thakur, R. V., Deshpande, D., Ghodke, S. (2023). Efficiency evaluation of orange and banana peels for dye removal from synthetic industrial effluent. Materials today: proceedings, 76, 170-176.

[2] Tian, X., Yang, R., Chen, T., Cao, Y., Deng, H., Zhang, M., Jiang, X. (2022). Removal of both anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater using pH-responsive adsorbents of L-lysine molecular-grafted cellulose porous foams. Journal of hazardous materials, 426, 128121.

[3] Teixeira, R. A., Lima, E. C., Benetti, A. D., Thue, P. S., Cunha, M. R., Cimirro, N. F., Dotto, G. L. (2021). Preparation of hybrids of wood sawdust with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane. Application as an adsorbent to remove Reactive Blue 4 dye from wastewater effluents. Journal of the Taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 125, 141-152.

[4] Moradi, O., Sharma, G. (2021). Emerging novel polymeric adsorbents for removing dyes from wastewater: a comprehensive review and comparison with other adsorbents. Environmental research, 201, 111534.

[5] Kumar, U., Bandyopadhyay, M. (2006). Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using pretreated rice husk. Bioresource technology, 97(1), 104-109.

[6] Yadav, S., Yadav, A., Bagotia, N., Sharma, A. K., Kumar, S. (2021). Adsorptive potential of modified plant-based adsorbents for sequestration of dyes and heavy metals from wastewater-A review. Journal of water process engineering, 42, 102148

[7] Ahsani-Namin, Z., Norouzbeigi, R., Shayesteh, H. (2022). Green mediated combustion synthesis of copper zinc oxide using Eryngium planum leaf extract as a natural green fuel: Excellent adsorption capacity towards Congo red dye. Ceramics international, 48(14), 20961-20973.

[8] Laskar, N., Kumar, U. (2022). Application of low‐cost, eco‐friendly adsorbents for the removal of dye contaminants from wastewater: Current developments and adsorption technology. Environmental quality management, 32(1), 209-221.

[9] Abbasi, S., Hasanpour, M., Ahmadpoor, F., Sillanpää, M., Dastan, D., Achour, A. (2021). Application of the statistical analysis methodology for photodegradation of methyl orange using a new nanocomposite containing modified TiO₂ semiconductor with SnO₂. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 101(2), 208-224.

[10] Laskar, N., Kumar, U. (2019). Removal of Brilliant Green dye from water by modified Bambusa Tulda: adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics study. International journal of environmental science and technology, 16, 1649-1662.

[11] Abbasi, S., Dastan, D., Ţălu, Ş., Tahir, M. B., Elias, M., Tao, L., Li, Z. (2022). Evaluation of the dependence of methyl orange organic pollutant removal rate on the amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in MWCNTs-TiO₂ photocatalyst using statistical methods and Duncan’s multiple range test. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 1-15.

[12] Abbasi, S. (2018). Investigation of the enhancement and optimization of the photocatalytic activity of modified TiO2 nanoparticles with SnO2 nanoparticles using statistical method. Materials research express, 5(6), 066302.

[13] Abbasi, S. (2022). The degradation rate study of methyl orange using MWCNTs@ TiO2 as photocatalyst, application of statistical analysis based on Fisher’s F distribution. Journal of cluster science, 33(2), 593-602.

[14] Chamoli, S., Singh, A., Kapoor, R. K., Singh, S., Singh, R. K., Saini, J. K. (2023). Purification and characterization of laccase from Ganoderma lucidum and its application in decolorization of malachite green dye. Bioresource technology reports, 21, 101368

[15] Kubra, K. T., Salman, M. S., Znad, H., Hasan, M. N. (2021). Efficient encapsulation of toxic dye from wastewater using biodegradable polymeric adsorbent. Journal of molecular liquids, 329, 115541.,

[16] Geng, J., Lin, L., Gu, F., Chang, J. (2022). Adsorption of Cr (Ⅵ) and dyes by plant leaves: Effect of extraction by ethanol, relationship with element contents and adsorption mechanism. Industrial crops and products, 177, 114522.

[17] Bayramoglu, G., Angi, S. B., Acikgoz-Erkaya, I., Arica, M. Y. (2022). Preparation of effective green sorbents using O. Princeps alga biomass with different composition of amine groups: comparison to adsorption performances for removal of a model acid dye. Journal of molecular liquids, 347, 118375.

[18] Hassanien, R., Hassan, Z. A., Al-Assy, W., Ibrahim, S. M. (2022). Removal of toxic thymol sulfone phthalein dye from wastewater by using efficient adsorbent NiO nanoparticles. Journal of molecular structure, 1269, 133864.

[19] Rai, A., Sirotiya, V., Mourya, M., Khan, M. J., Ahirwar, A., Sharma, A. K., Vinayak, V. (2022). Sustainable treatment of dye wastewater by recycling microalgal and diatom biogenic materials: Biorefinery perspectives. Chemosphere, 305, 135371.

[20] Zhang, Y., Zhao, S., Mu, M., Wang, L., Fan, Y., Liu, X. (2022). Eco-friendly ferrocene-functionalized chitosan aerogel for efficient dye degradation and phosphate adsorption from wastewater. Chemical engineering journal, 439, 135605.

[21] Khalfaoui, A., Bouchareb, E. M., Derbal, K., Boukhaloua, S., Chahbouni, B., Bouchareb, R. (2022). Uptake of methyl red dye from aqueous solution using activated carbons prepared from moringa Oleifera shells. Cleaner chemical engineering, 4, 100069.

[22] Shelke, B. N., Jopale, M. K., Kategaonkar, A. H. (2022). Exploration of biomass waste as low-cost adsorbents for removal of methylene blue dye: A review. Journal of the Indian chemical society, 99(7), 100530.

[23] Abbasi, S., Ekrami-Kakhki, M. S., Tahari, M. (2017). Modeling and predicting the photodecomposition of methylene blue via ZnO–SnO2 hybrids using design of experiments (DOE). Journal of materials science: materials in electronics, 28, 15306-15312.

[24] Abbasi, S., Hasanpour, M. (2017). The effect of pH on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using decorated ZnO nanoparticles with SnO2 nanoparticles. Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 28, 1307-1314.

[25] Abbasi, S., Hasanpour, M. (2017). Variation of the photocatalytic performance of decorated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-ZnO) with pH for photo degradation of methyl orange. Journal of materials science: materials in electronics, 28, 11846-11855.

[26] Abbasi, S. (2021). Improvement of photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange by modified MWCNTs, prediction of degradation rate using statistical models. Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 32(11), 14137-14148.

[27] Abbasi, S., Ekrami-Kakhki, M. S., Tahari, M. (2019). The influence of ZnO nanoparticles amount on the optimisation of photo degradation of methyl orange using decorated MWCNTs. Progress in industrial ecology, an international journal, 13(1), 3-15.

[28] Abbasi, S., Hasanpour, M., Ekrami-Kakhki, M. S. (2017). Removal efficiency optimization of organic pollutant (methylene blue) with modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes using design of experiments (DOE). Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 28, 9900-9910.

[29] Abbasi, S., Ahmadpoor, F., Imani, M., Ekrami-Kakhki, M. S. (2020). Synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4@ ZnO@ graphene oxide nanocomposite for photodegradation of organic dye pollutant. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 100(2), 225-240.

[30] Abbasi, S. (2020). Adsorption of dye organic pollutant using magnetic ZnO embedded on the surface of graphene oxide. Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials, 30, 1924-1934.

[31] Abbasi, S. (2021). Response surface methodology for photo degradation of methyl orange using magnetic nanocomposites containing zinc oxide. Journal of cluster science, 32(4), 805-812.

[32] Abbasi, S. (2019). Photocatalytic activity study of coated anatase-rutile titania nanoparticles with nanocrystalline tin dioxide based on the statistical analysis. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(4), 206.

[33] Sakr, F., Alahiane, S., Sennaoui, A., Dinne, M., Bakas, I., Assabbane, A. (2020). Removal of cationic dye (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solution by adsorption on two types of biomaterials of South Morocco. Materials today: Proceedings, 22, 93-96.

[34] Wekoye, J. N., Wanyonyi, W. C., Wangila, P. T., Tonui, M. K. (2020). Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Congo red dye adsorption on cabbage waste powder. Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology, 2, 24-31.

[35] Sirajudheen, P., Poovathumkuzhi, N. C., Vigneshwaran, S., Chelaveettil, B. M., Meenakshi, S. (2021). Applications of chitin and chitosan-based biomaterials for the adsorptive removal of textile dyes from water—A comprehensive review. Carbohydrate polymers, 273, 118604.

[36] Yadav, M., Thakore, S., Jadeja, R. (2022). Removal of organic dyes using Fucus vesiculosus seaweed bioadsorbent an ecofriendly approach: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology, 4, 67-77.

[37] Ihaddaden, S., Aberkane, D., Boukerroui, A., Robert, D. (2022). Removal of methylene blue (basic dye) by coagulation-flocculation with biomaterials (bentonite and Opuntia ficus indica). Journal of water process engineering, 49, 102952.

[38] Thanh, N. C., Shanmugam, S., Shanmugasundaram, S., AlSalhi, M. S., Devanesan, S., Shanmuganathan, R., Chi, N. T. L. (2022). Comparison of Simarouba glauca seed shell carbons for enhanced direct red 12B dye adsorption: Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies. Food and chemical toxicology, 168, 113326.

[39] Suhaimi, A., Abdulhameed, A. S., Jawad, A. H., Yousef, T. A., Al Duaij, O. K., ALOthman, Z. A., Wilson, L. D. (2022). Production of large surface area activated carbon from a mixture of carrot juice pulp and pomegranate peel using microwave radiation-assisted ZnCl2 activation: An optimized removal process and tailored adsorption mechanism of crystal violet dye. Diamond and related materials, 130, 109456.

[40] Chung, W. J., Shim, J., Ravindran, B. (2022). Application of wheat bran based biomaterials and nano-catalyst in textile wastewater. Journal of king Saud university-science, 34(2), 101775.

[41] Homagai, P. L., Poudel, R., Poudel, S., Bhattarai, A. (2022). Adsorption and removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution by modified rice husk. Heliyon, 8(4), e09261.

[42] Dahlan, I., Keat, O. H., Aziz, H. A., Hung, Y. T. (2023). Synthesis and characterization of MOF-5 incorporated waste-derived siliceous materials for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. Sustainable chemistry and pharmacy, 31, 100954.

[43] Dbik, A., Bentahar, S., El Khomri, M., El Messaoudi, N., Lacherai, A. (2020). Adsorption of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions using tunics of the corm of the saffron. Materials today: proceedings, 22, 134-139.

[44] Goria, K., Bharti, A., Raina, S., Kothari, R., Tyagi, V. V., Singh, H. M., Kour, G. (2022). Low-cost adsorbent biomaterials for the remediation of inorganic and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater: Eco-friendly approach. In sustainable materials for sensing and remediation of noxious pollutants (pp. 87-112). Elsevier.

[45] Chan, L., Cheung, W., Allen, S., McKay, G. (2009). Separation of acid-dyes mixture by bamboo derived active carbon. Separation and purification technology, 67(2), 166-172.

[46] Chan, L. S., Cheung, W. H., McKay, G. (2008). Adsorption of acid dyes by bamboo derived activated carbon. Desalination, 218(1-3), 304-312.

[47] Chan, L. S., Cheung, W. H., Allen, S. J., McKay, G. (2012). Error analysis of adsorption isotherm models for acid dyes onto bamboo derived activated carbon. Chinese journal of chemical engineering, 20(3), 535-542.

[48] Sharma, J., Sharma, S., Soni, V. (2023). Toxicity of malachite green on plants and its phytoremediation: A review. Regional studies in marine science, 102911.

[49] Ramírez-Montoya, L. A., Hernández-Montoya, V., Montes-Morán, M. A. (2014). Optimizing the preparation of carbonaceous adsorbents for the selective removal of textile dyes by using Taguchi methodology. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 109, 9-20.

[50] Gupta, T. B., Lataye, D. H., Kurwadkar, S. T. (2020). Adsorption of crystal violet dye: Parameter optimization using Taguchi’s experimental methodology. In advanced engineering optimization through intelligent techniques: Select proceedings of AEOTIT 2018 (pp. 653-665). Springer Singapore.

[51] Gupta, V. K. (2009). Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal–a review. Journal of environmental management, 90(8), 2313-2342.

[52] Yusuff, A. S., Ajayi, O. A., Popoola, L. T. (2021). Application of Taguchi design approach to parametric optimization of adsorption of crystal violet dye by activated carbon from poultry litter. Scientific African, 13, e00850.

[53] Biswal, A. K., Sahoo, M., Suna, P. K., Panda, L., Lenka, C., Misra, P. K. (2022). Exploring the adsorption efficiency of a novel cellulosic material for removal of food dye from water. Journal of molecular liquids, 350, 118577.

[54] Yusuff, A. S., Ajayi, O. A., Popoola, L. T. (2021). Application of Taguchi design approach to parametric optimization of adsorption of crystal violet dye by activated carbon from poultry litter. Scientific African, 13, e00850.

[55] Roozban, N., Abbasi, S., Ghazizadeh, M. (2017). The experimental and statistical investigation of the photo degradation of methyl orange using modified MWCNTs with different amount of ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 28, 7343-7352.

[56] Roozban, N., Abbasi, S., Ghazizadeh, M. (2017). Statistical analysis of the photocatalytic activity of decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 28, 6047-6055.

[57] Jawad, A. H., Saber, S. E. M., Abdulhameed, A. S., Farhan, A. M., AL Othman, Z. A., Wilson, L. D. (2023). Characterization and applicability of the natural Iraqi bentonite clay for toxic cationic dye removal: Adsorption kinetic and isotherm study. Journal of King Saud university-science, 35(4), 102630.

[58] Modwi, A., Albadri, A., Taha, K. K. (2023). High Malachite Green dye removal by ZrO2-g-C3N4 (ZOCN) meso-sorbent: Characteristics and adsorption mechanism. Diamond and related materials, 132, 109698.

[59] Perez-Calderon, J., Marin-Silva, D. A., Zaritzky, N., Pinotti, A. (2022). Eco-friendly PVA-chitosan adsorbent films for the removal of azo dye Acid Orange 7: Physical cross-linking, adsorption process, and reuse of the material. Advanced industrial and engineering polymer research,6(3), 2542-5048.

[60] Tran, T. K. N., Ngo, T. C. Q., Nguyen, Q. V., Do, T. S., Hoang, N. B. (2022). Chemistry potential and application of activated carbon manufactured from coffee grounds in the treatment of wastewater: A review. Materials today: Proceedings, 60, 1914-1919.

[61] Giri, D. D., Alhazmi, A., Mohammad, A., Haque, S., Srivastava, N., Thakur, V. K., Pal, D. B. (2022). Lead removal from synthetic wastewater by biosorbents prepared from seeds of Artocarpus Heterophyllus and Syzygium Cumini. Chemosphere, 287, 132016.

[62] Yadav, M., Thakore, S., Jadeja, R. (2022). Removal of organic dyes using Fucus vesiculosus seaweed bioadsorbent an ecofriendly approach: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology, 4, 67-77.

[63] Syahida F A, Muhamad S S, Adrian B-P, Suzylawati I, (2021) Kinetics, process design and implementation of zwitterionic adsorbent coating for dipolar dyes removal in wastewater treatment industry, Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23,101763.

[64] Pereira, J. E., Ferreira, R. L., Nascimento, P. F., Silva, A. J., Padilha, C. E., Neto, E. L. B. (2021). Valorization of carnauba straw and cashew leaf as bio adsorbents to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous solution. Environmental technology and innovation, 23, 101706.

[65] Sanad, M. M. S., Farahat, M. M., Khalek, M. A. (2021). One-step processing of low-cost and superb natural magnetic adsorbent: kinetics and thermodynamics investigation for dye removal from textile wastewater. Advanced powder technology, 32(5), 1573-1583.