ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermal and chemical modification of bentonite for adsorption of an anionic dye
Raw bentonite (RB), a known low-cost versatile clay was used as an adsorbent. RB was treated thermally and chemically to increase its adsorption capacity. For thermal treatment (TTB), the bentonite was heated at 400 °C for 60 min, and for the chemical modification, its surface was treated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to prepare organo-modified bentonite (CTAB-B). The removal of Congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solution was investigated in the batch mode. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses. The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and temperature were investigated. The obtained results were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of RB, TTB and CTAB-B was 43.1, 55.86 and 116.28 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic was better described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The results showed that thermally or chemically modified bentonite could be proposed as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of CR from water.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_669_95407cc641ce93f1c7b1a728cb3d332c.pdf
2018-01-01
1
12
10.22104/aet.2018.1844.1088
Congo red
Bentonite
Langmuir
Adsorption
Thermally and chemically modification
Elahe
Rostami
erostami61@yahoo.com
1
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Norouzbeigi
norouzbeigi@iust.ac.ir
2
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Rahbar
ahmadrahbar@iust.ac.ir
3
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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3
[4] Ghaemi, N., Madaeni, S. S., Daraei, P., Rajabi, H., Shojaeimehr, T., Rahimpour, F., Shirvani, B. (2015). PES mixed matrix nanofiltration membrane embedded with polymer wrapped MWCNT: Fabrication and performance optimization in dye removal by RSM. Journal of hazardous materials, 298, 111-121.
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[5] Wei, Y., Ding, A., Dong, L., Tang, Y., Yu, F., Dong, X. (2015). Characterisation and coagulation performance of an inorganic coagulant—poly-magnesium-silicate-chloride in treatment of simulated dyeing wastewater. Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering aspects, 470, 137-141.
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[6] Basiri Parsa, J., Hagh Negahdar, S. (2012). Treatment of wastewater containing Acid Blue 92 dye by advanced ozone-based oxidation methods. Separation and purification technology, 98, 315–320.
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[7] Ucoski, G. M., Machado, G. S., de Freitas Silva, G., Nunes, F. S., Wypych, F., Nakagaki, S. (2015). Heterogeneous oxidation of the dye Brilliant Green with H2O2 catalyzed by supported manganese porphyrins. Journal of molecular catalysis A: Chemical, 408, 123-131.
7
[8] Senturk, H. B., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., Duran, C., Soylak, M. (2009). Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of hazardous materials, 172(1), 353-362.
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[9] Wang, L., Wang, A. (2008). Adsorption properties of Congo Red from aqueous solution onto surfactant-modified montmorillonite. Journal of hazardous materials, 160(1), 173-180.
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[10] Saikia, J., Das, G. (2014). Framboidal vaterite for selective adsorption of anionic dyes. Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 2(2), 1165-1173.
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[14] Koyuncu, H., Kul, A. R. (2014). An investigation of Cu (II) adsorption by native and activated bentonite: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study. Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 2(3), 1722-1730.
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[15] Zivica, V., Palou, M. T. (2015). Physico-chemical characterization of thermally treated bentonite. Composites part B: Engineering, 68, 436-445
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[16] Salem, S., Salem, A., Babaei, A. A. (2015). Preparation and characterization of nano porous bentonite for regeneration of semi-treated waste engine oil: Applied aspects for enhanced recovery. Chemical engineering journal, 260, 368-376.
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[17] Khenifi, A., Zohra, B., Kahina, B., Houari, H., Zoubir, D. (2009). Removal of 2, 4-DCP from wastewater by CTAB/bentonite using one-step and two-step methods: a comparative study. Chemical engineering journal, 146(3), 345-354.
17
[18] Motawie, A. M., Madany, M. M., El-Dakrory, A. Z., Osman, H. M., Ismail, E. A., Badr, M. M., Abulyazied, D. E. (2014). Physico-chemical characteristics of nano-organo bentonite prepared using different organo-modifiers. Egyptian journal of petroleum, 23(3), 331-338
18
[19] Sedaghat, M. E., Booshehri, M. R., Nazarifar, M. R., Farhadi, F. (2014). Surfactant modified bentonite (CTMAB-bentonite) as a solid heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrano [c] chromene derivatives. Applied clay science, 95, 55-59
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[20] Al-asheh, S., Banat, F., Abu-aitah, L. (2003). Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated bentonites. Separation and purification technology, 33, 1–10.
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[21] Nones, J., Nones, J., Riella, H. G., Poli, A., Trentin, A. G., Kuhnen, N. C. (2015). Thermal treatment of bentonite reduces aflatoxin b1 adsorption and affects stem cell death. Materials science and engineering: C, 55, 530-537
21
[22] Gök, Ö., Özcan, A. S., Özcan, A. (2010). Adsorption behavior of a textile dye of Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solutions onto modified bentonite. Applied surface science, 256(17), 5439-5443.
22
[23] Guo, J., Chen, S., Liu, L., Li, B., Yang, P., Zhang, L., Feng, Y. (2012). Adsorption of dye from wastewater using chitosan–CTAB modified bentonites. Journal of colloid and interface science, 382(1), 61-66.
23
[24] Kıranşan, M., Soltani, R. D. C., Hassani, A., Karaca, S., Khataee, A. (2014). Preparation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide modified montmorillonite nanomaterial for adsorption of a textile dye. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of chemical engineers, 45(5), 2565-2577.
24
[25] Vieira, M. G. A., Neto, A. A., Gimenes, M. L., Da Silva, M. G. C. (2010). Removal of nickel on Bofe bentonite calcined clay in porous bed. Journal of hazardous materials, 176(1-3), 109-118.
25
[26] Zaghouane-Boudiaf, H., Boutahala, M., Sahnoun, S., Tiar, C., Gomri, F. (2014). Adsorption characteristics, isotherm, kinetics, and diffusion of modified natural bentonite for removing the 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenol. Applied clay science, 90, 81-87.
26
[27] Rong, X., Qiu, F., Qin, J., Zhao, H., Yan, J., Yang, D. (2015). A facile hydrothermal synthesis, adsorption kinetics and isotherms to Congo Red azo-dye from aqueous solution of NiO/graphene nanosheets adsorbent. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 26, 354-363
27
[28] Ahmed, I.M., Gasser, M.S. (2012). Adsorption study of anionic reactive dye from aqueous solution to Mg–Fe–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH). Applied surface science, 259, 650–656.
28
[29] Liu, R., Fu, H., Yin, H., Wang, P., Lu, L., Tao, Y. (2015). A facile sol combustion and calcination process for the preparation of magnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanopowders and their adsorption behaviors of Congo red. Powder technology, 274, 418-425.
29
[30] Shakir, K., Ghoneimy, H. F., Elkafrawy, A. F., Beheir, S. G., Refaat, M. (2008). Removal of catechol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organophilic-bentonite. Journal of hazardous materials, 150(3), 765-773.
30
[31] Wang, C., Le, Y., Cheng, B. (2014). Fabrication of porous ZrO2 hollow sphere and its adsorption performance to Congo red in water. Ceramics international,40(7), 10847-10856
31
[32] Zhu, H., Fu, Y., Jiang, R., Yao, J., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Zeng, G. (2013). Preparation, characterization and adsorption properties of chitosan modified magnetic graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for highly effective removal of a carcinogenic dye from aqueous solution. Applied surface science, 285, 865-873
32
[33] Bulut, E., Ozacar, M., Sengil, I.A. (2008). Equilibrium and kinetic data and process design for adsorption of Congo Red onto bentonite. Journal of hazardous materials, 154, 613–622.
33
[34] Lian, L., Guo, L., Wang, A. (2009). Use of CaCl2 modified bentonite for removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions. Desalination, 249(2), 797-801.
34
[35] Vimonses, V. u. a. (2009). Adsorption of congo red by three Australian kaolins. Applied clay science, 43, 465–472
35
[36] Senturk, H. B., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., Duran, C., Soylak, M. (2009). Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of hazardous materials, 172(1), 353-362
36
[37] Tehrani-Bagha, A. R., Nikkar, H., Mahmoodi, N. M., Markazi, M., Menger, F. M. (2011). The sorption of cationic dyes onto kaolin: Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. Desalination, 266(1-3), 274-280.
37
[38] Vijayakumar, G., Dharmendirakumar, M., Renganathan, S., Sivanesan, S., Baskar, G., Elango, K. P. (2009). Removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions by perlite. Clean–soil, air, water, 37(4‐5), 355-364.
38
[39] Yao, Y., Miao, S., Liu, S., Ma, L. P., Sun, H., Wang, S. (2012). Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of magnetic Fe3O4@ graphene nanocomposite. Chemical engineering journal, 184, 326-332.
39
[40] Yu, X., Wei, C., Ke, L., Hu, Y., Xie, X., Wu, H. (2010). Development of organovermiculite-based adsorbent for removing anionic dye from aqueous solution. Journal of hazardous materials, 180(1-3), 499-507.
40
[41] Cheng, B., Le, Y., Cai, W., Yu, J. (2011). Synthesis of hierarchical Ni(OH)2 and NiO nanosheets and their adsorption kinetics and isotherms to Congo red in water. Journal of hazardous materials, 185, 889–897
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ordered nanoporous carbon (CMK-3) coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of benzene and chlorobenzenes in water samples
Nanoporous carbons (CMK-3) were prepared and have been used as a fiber coating for headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The prepared materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The efficiency of the fiber was evaluated using a gas chromatography (GC) system for the extraction of benzene (B) and chlorobenzenes (CBs) from the headspace of aqueous samples. The prepared nanomaterial was coated onto a copper wire for fabrication of the SPME fiber. These fibers featured advantages like easy and fast preparation, high thermal and mechanical stability. To optimize different parameters which influence the extraction efficiency such as sample volume, extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength and stirring rate, a Taguchi OA16 (45) orthogonal array experimental design was used. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimum conditions for extraction were established as: 12 mL sample volume; laboratory temperature; 20 % (w/v) NaCl; 35 min extraction time and stirring rate of 600 rpm. Under the optimized conditions for B and CBs, the linearity was from 2.5 to 800 µg/L, the relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the method was between 5.2 and 9.3% and limit of detections (LODs) was between 0.09 and 0.28 µg/L. The recovery values were from 85.40% to 104.20 % in water samples. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by the extraction and determination of B and CBs in the water samples.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_679_86f1c80e8878de5606f2c227885ee2ea.pdf
2018-01-01
13
22
10.22104/aet.2018.1936.1094
Chlorobenzene Compounds
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Ordered Nanoporous
Orthogonal Array Designs
Mansoor
Anbia
anbia@iust.ac.ir
1
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naser
kakoli khataei
kakolinaser@yahoo.com
2
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samira
Salehi
samira.salehi83@yahoo.com
3
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Kozani, R. R., Assadi, Y., Shemirani, F., Hosseini, M. R. M., Jamali, M. R. (2007). Part-per-trillion determination of chlorobenzenes in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined gas chromatography–electron capture detection. Talanta, 72(2), 387-393.
1
[2] Sarrion, M. N., Santos, F. J., Galceran, M. T. (1998). Strategies for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soils using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography A, 819(1-2), 197-209.
2
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[4] Wang, Y., Lee, H. K. (1998). Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography A, 803(1-2), 219-225.
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[5] He, Y., Wang, Y., Lee, H. K. (2000). Trace analysis of ten chlorinated benzenes in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction. Journal of chromatography A, 874(1), 149-154.
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[9] Oliver, B. G., Bothen, K. D. (1980). Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by capillary gas chromatography. Analytical chemistry, 52(13), 2066-2069.
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[10] Vidal, L., Canals, A., Kalogerakis, N., and Psillakis, E. (2005). Headspace single-drop microextraction for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples. Journal of chromatography A, 1089(1-2), 25-30.
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[11] Li, X., Chen, J., and Du, L. (2007). Analysis of chloro- and nitrobenzenes in water by a simple polyaniline-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. Journal of chromatography A, 1140(1-2), 21-28.
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[12] Belardi, R. P., and Pawliszyn, J. B. (1989). Application of chemically modified fused silica fibers in the extraction of organics from water matrix samples and their rapid transfer to capillary columns. Water quality research journal of Canada, 24(1), 179-191.
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[13] Zhang, Z., Yang, M. J., and Pawliszyn, J. (1994). Solid-phase microextraction. A solvent-free alternative for sample preparation. Analytical chemistry, 66(17), 844A-853A.
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[14] Bagheri, H., Mir, A., and Babanezhad, E. (2005). An electropolymerized aniline-based fiber coating for solid phase microextraction of phenols from water. Analytica chimica Acta, 532(1), 89-95.
14
[15] Hou, J.-g., Ma, Q., Du, X.-z., Deng, H.-l., and Gao, J.-z. (2004). Inorganic/organic mesoporous silica as a novel fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction. Talanta, 62(2), 241-246.
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[16] Demeestere, K., Dewulf, J., De Witte, B., and Van Langenhove, H. (2007). Sample preparation for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and water matrices. Journal of chromatography A, 1153(1–2), 130-144.
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[17] Giardina, M., and Olesik, S. V. (2001). Application of low-temperature glassy carbon films in solid-phase microextraction. Analytical chemistry, 73(24), 5841-5851.
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[18] Araujo, A. d. S., and Jaroniec, M. (2000). Thermogravimetric monitoring of the MCM-41 synthesis. Thermochimica Acta, 363(1), 175-180.
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[19] Ryoo, R., Joo, S. H., and Jun, S. (1999). Synthesis of highly ordered carbon molecular sieves via template-mediated structural transformation. Journal of physical chemistry B, 103(37), 7745-7746.
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[20] Anbia, M., and Khazaei, M. (2011). Ordered nanoporous carbon-based SPME and determination by GC. Chromatographia, 73(3-4), 379-384.
20
[21] Anbia, M., Haghi, A., and Shariati, S. (2012). Novel fiber coated with nanoporous carbons for headspace solid-phase microextraction of chlorophenols from aqueous media. Analytical methods, 4(8), 2555-2561.
21
[22] Anbia, M., and Moradi, S. E. (2009). Adsorption of naphthalene-derived compounds from water by chemically oxidized nanoporous carbon. Chemical engineering journal, 148(2-3), 452-458.
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[23] Ghorbani, M., and Nowee, S. M. (2016). Kinetic study of Pb (II) and Ni (II) adsorption onto MCM-41 amine-functionalized nano particle. Advances in environmental technology, 2, 101-104.
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[24] Du, X. Z., Wang, Y. R., Tao, X. J., and Deng, H. L. (2005). An approach to application of mesoporous hybrid as a fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction. Analytica chimica Acta, 543(1-2), 9-16.
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[25] Du, X. Z., Wang, Y. R., Ma, Q., Mao, X. F., and Hou, J. G. (2005). Application of phenyl bonded mesoporous silica as a novel coating layer of solid-phase microextraction for determination of benzo[a]pyrene in water samples. Chinese chemical letters, 16(6), 801-804.
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[26] Hashemi, P., Shamizadeh, M., Badiei, A., Poor, P. Z., Ghiasvand, A. R., and Yarahmadi, A. (2009). Amino ethyl-functionalized nanoporous silica as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction. Analytica chimica Acta, 646(1-2), 1-5.
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[27] Zhao, D., Feng, J., Huo, Q., Melosh, N., Fredrickson, G. H., Chmelka, B. F., and Stucky, G. D. (1998). Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores. Science, 279(5350), 548-552.
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28
[29] Anbia, M., and Kakoli Khataei, N. (2016) Ordered nanoporous carbon as an effective adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction of toluene and chlorinated toluenes in water samples. Journal of Saudi chemical society, 20(S1), S38-S45.
29
[30] Gregg, S. J., Sing, K. S. W., and Salzberg, H. (1967). Adsorption surface area and porosity. Journal of The electrochemical society, 114(11), 279C-279C.
30
[31] Lan, W. G., Wong, M. K., Chen, N., and Sin, Y. M. (1994). Orthogonal array design as a chemometric method for the optimization of analytical procedures. Part 1. Two-level design and its application in microwave dissolution of biological samples. Analyst-letchworth, 119(8), 1659-1668.
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[32] Farhadi, K., Tahmasebi, R., and Maleki, R. (2009). Preparation and application of the titania sol–gel coated anodized aluminum fibers for headspace solid phase microextraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. Talanta, 77(4), 1285-1289.
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[33] Mehdinia, A., Mousavi, M. F., and Shamsipur, M. (2006). Nano-structured lead dioxide as a novel stationary phase for solid-phase microextraction. Journal of chromatography A, 1134(1), 24-31.
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[34] Khajeh, M., Yamini, Y., and Hassan, J. (2006). Trace analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Talanta, 69(5), 1088-1094.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling studies for adsorption of phenol and co-pollutants onto granular activated carbon prepared from olive oil industrial waste
Granular activated carbon (OSAC) which was derived from olive oil industrial solid waste was chemically activated with different concentrations of phosphoric acid. OSAC-materials were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol from aqueous solution in a batch technique. Adsorption isotherms were determined and modeled with five linear Langmuir forms, namely the Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin, Kiselev and Hill-de Boer models. The experimental data for the adsorption of phenol onto OSAM-materials were fitted well with the Langmuir-1 and 2, Freundlich, Kiselev and Hill-de Boer models. Adsorption was carried out on energetically different sites as localized monolayer adsorption and was an exothermic process. The uptake of phenol onto OSAC increased in the following order: OSAC-80%> OSAC-70%> OSAC-60%; the maximum adsorption capacities of phenol were found to be 114.416, 125.628 and 262.467 mg/g onto OSAC-60%, OSAC-70% and OSAC-80%, respectively. On the other hand, OSAC-80% was used as a good adsorbent for the removal of phenol and Cd2+ as co-pollutants from waste aqueous solutions. 80.25% of phenol and 50.66% of Cd2+ can be simultaneously removed by OSAC-80%.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_675_db821798a1be0d2a5927f1b4e7d189ad.pdf
2018-01-01
23
40
10.22104/aet.2018.2226.1112
Phenol
Co-pollutants
Isotherm and kinetic models
activated carbon
Adsorption
Gehan
Sharaf
gehan102016@gmail.com
1
Radioactive waste management department, Hot Lab. center,Egyptian atomic energy authority, Cairo,Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ezzat
Abdel-Galil
ezzat201010@gmail.com
2
Environmental Radioactive Pollution Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Yasser
El-eryan
yeleryan2016@gmail.com
3
Environmental Radioactive Pollution Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
[1] Tiwari, D., Lee, S. M. (2016). Surface-functionalized activated sericite for the simultaneous removal of cadmium and phenol from aqueous solutions: Mechanistic insights. Chemical engineering journal, 283, 1414-1423.
1
[2] Qu, G., Liang, D., Qu D., Huang, Y., Liu, T., Mao, H., Ji, P., Huang, D. (2013). Simultaneous removal of cadmium ions and phenol from water solution by pulsed corona discharge plasma combined with activated carbon, Chemical engineering journal, 228, 28-35.
2
[3] Girodsa, P., Dufoura, A., Fierrob, V., Rogaumea, Y., Rogaumea, C., Zoulaliana, A., Celzardc, A. (2009). Activated carbons prepared from wood particleboard wastes: Characterisation and phenol adsorption capacities, Journal of hazardous materials, 166 (1), 491-501.
3
[4] Fleeger, J.W., Carman, K.R., Nisbet, R.M. (2003). Indirect effect of contaminants in aquatic ecosystem. Science of the total environment, 317(1-3), 207-233.
4
[5] Hammam, A.M., Zaki, M.S., Yousef, R.A., Fawzi, O. (2015). Toxicity, Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of phenols and phenolic compounds on human and living organisms [A Review]. Advances in environmental biology, 9(8), 38-48.
5
[6] Mishra, A. and Poddar, A. (2013). Niyogi Haematology of freshwater Murrel (Channa punctatus Bloch), exposed to Phenolic industrial wastes of the Bhilai Steel plant (Chhattisgarh,India). International journal of scientific and engineering research, 4(4), 1866-1883.
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[7] Srivastava, V.C., Swamy, M.M., Mall, I.D., Prasad, B., Mishra, I.M. (2006). Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering aspects, 272(1-2), 89–104.
7
[8] Rengaraj, S., Seuny-Hyeon, M., Sivabalan, R. Arabindoo, B., Murugesan, V (2002). Agricultural solid waste for the removal of organics: adsorption of phenol from water and wastewater by Palm seed coat activated carbon. Waste management, 22(5), 543-548.
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[9] Mahvi, A.H., Maleki, A., Eslami, A. (2004). Potential of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Systems. American journal of applied sciences, 1(4), 321-326.
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[10] Yamamura, S. (1963). World health organization, International standards for drinking water, Geneva, Switzerland.
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[11] Mahmoud, M.E., Haggag, S.M.S. (2011). Static removal of cadmium from aqueous and nonaqueous matrices by application of layer-by-layer chemical deposition technique. Chemical engineering journal, 166(3), 916-922.
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[12] Lee, S.M., Lalhmunsiama, L., Tiwari, D. (2014). Sericite in the remediation of Cd (II) - and Mn (II)-contaminated waters: batch and column studies. Environmental science and pollution research, 21(5), 3686-3696.
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[13] Kula, I., Ugurlu, M., Karaoglu, H., Celik, A. (2008). Adsorption of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from olive stone by ZnCl2 activation. Bioresource technology, 99(3), 492-501.
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[14] Waisberg, M., Joseph, P., Hale, B., Beyersmann, D. (2003). Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology, 192(2-3), 95-117.
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[56] El-Naggar, M.R. and Metwally, S.S. (2011). Adsorption potential of Na-X zeolite in Sc-Sr-Co-multi-component system: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Isotope and radiation research, 43(4), 1649-1665.
56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seasonal assessment of physicochemical parameters and evaluation of water quality of river Yamuna, India
The concentrations of toxic effluents released into freshwater aquatic environments are increasing day by day and affect the aquatic biota. The present study outlined the evaluation of physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphates (PO42--P), nitrates (NO3--N), electrical conductivity (EC) chlorides (Cl-). Also, the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the water samples collected from the selected stations of the Yamuna River was calculated in order to assess its suitability for drinking, irrigation and agricultural purposes. The Weighted Arithmetic Index method was used to calculate the WQI. The WQI was found to be above 100 at all three stations, which was critical and indicated that the water quality grading fell in the E category, which made the water unsuitable for drinking and agricultural purposes. The assessment of physicochemical parameters indicated that the selected stations were badly impacted by industrial effluents and domestic sewage; thus, the river water should be treated before use to avoid water-related diseases that can have harmful effects on humans and aquatic biota.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_680_65005de9d89528b8a694de40244d38ff.pdf
2018-01-01
41
49
10.22104/aet.2018.2415.1121
Yamuna River
water pollution
water quality index (WQI)
physicochemical parameters
arithmetic index method
Bilal
Bhat
bilalnabiamu@gmail.com
1
Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saltanat
Parveen
saltanatparveen@yahoo.co.in
2
Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
AUTHOR
Taskeena
Hassan
taskeenahassan@gmail.com
3
Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
AUTHOR
[1] Khadse, G. K., Patni, P. M., Kelkar, P. S., Devotta, S. (2008). Qualitative evaluation of Kanhan River and its tributaries flowing over central Indian plateau. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 147(1-3), 83-92.
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[2] Juang, D. F., Lee, C. H., Hsueh, S. C. (2009). Chlorinated volatile organic compounds found near the water surface of heavily polluted rivers. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(4), 545-556.
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3
[4] Sharma, D. and Kansal, A. (2011). Water quality analysis of River Yamuna using water quality index in the national capital territory, India (2000–2009). Applied Water Science, 1(3-4), 147-157.
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[5] Gopal, B. and Sah, M. (1993). Conservation and management of rivers in India: case-study of the river Yamuna. Environmental Conservation, 20(3), 243-254.
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[6] Rai, R. K., Upadhyay, A., Ojha, C. S. P., & Singh, V. P. (2011). The Yamuna river basin: water resources and environment (Vol. 66). Springer Science & Business Media.
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[7] Sekabira, K., Origa, H. O., Basamba, T. A., Mutumba, G., Kakudidi, E. (2010). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(3), 435-446.
7
[8] Dash, A., Das, H.K., Mishra, B., Bhuyan, N.K. (2015). Evaluation of water quality of local streams and Baitarani River in Joda area of Odisha, India. International Journal of Current Research, 7(3), 13559–13568.
8
[9] VishnuRadhan, R., Zainudin, Z., Sreekanth, G. B., Dhiman, R., Salleh, M. N., Vethamony, P. (2017). Temporal water quality response in an urban river: a case study in peninsular Malaysia. Applied Water Science, 7(2), 923-933.
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[10] Yadav, K. K., Gupta, N., Kumar, V., Sharma, S., Arya, S. (2015). Water quality assessment of Pahuj River using water quality index at Unnao Balaji, MP, India. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 19(1), 241-250.
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[11] Krishan, G., Singh, S., Gurjar, G., Kumar, C. P., Ghosh, N. C. (2016). Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI) using GIS in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 6(366), 2161-0525.
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[13] Akoteyon, I. S., Omotayo, A. O., Soladoye, O., Olaoye, H. O. (2011). Determination of water quality index and suitability of urban river for municipal water supply in Lagos-Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 54(2), 263-271.
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[14] Bhutiani, R., Khanna, D.R., Tyagi, P.K. and Tyagi, B. (2014). Application of CCME WQI to evaluate feasibility of potable water availability: A case study of Tehri dam reservoir. Environment Conservation Journal, 15 (1-2)13-19.
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[16] Sun, W., Xia, C., Xu, M., Guo, J. and Sun, G. (2016). Application of modified water quality indices as indicators to assess the spatial and temporal trends of water quality in the Dongjiang River. Ecological Indicators, 66, 306-312.
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[17] Bhutiani, R., Khanna, D. R., Kulkarni, D. B., Ruhela, M. (2016). Assessment of Ganga river ecosystem at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India with reference to water quality indices. Applied Water Science, 6(2), 107-113.
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[18] Aazami, J., Esmaili-Sari, A., Abdoli, A., Sohrabi, H. and Van den Brink, P.J. (2015). Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Tajan River, Iran using physicochemical, fish and macroinvertebrates indices. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13(1), 13-29.
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[19] Ogwueleka, T.C. (2015). Use of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations in water quality of the Kaduna River, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(3), 1-17.
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[27] Debels, P., Figueroa, R., Urrutia, R., Barra, R. and Niell, X. (2005). Evaluation of water quality in the Chillan River (Central Chile) using physicochemical parameters and a modified water quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 110(1-3), 301-322.
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37
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cu decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Application to electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of 4-nitrophenol in river water samples by square-wave voltammetry
A simple and fast electrochemical method was described and evaluated for the determination of hazardous compound, 4-nitrophenol. In this work, trace amounts of 4- nitrophenol were determined by square – wave voltammetry. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper nanoparticles. A synergistic effect was observed between Cu nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes which resulted in enhanced oxidation peak current of 4-nitrophenol. The modified electrode showed more sensitivity towards 4-nitrophenol compared to unmodified one. A wide linear concentration range from 0.2 to 298.0 μM was obtained for 4-nitrophenol with a detection limit of 0.06 μM. Reproducibility and repeatability of the method were evaluated for determination of 4-nitrophenol (0.1 mM) as 3.47% and 2.30%, respectively (relative standard deviation, RSD %), which are acceptable. The method was applied to the analysis of 4- nitrophenol (22.2 μM) in spiked river water samples, successfully. Simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity and high efficiency of the proposed method can be used in routine analysis of trace amounts of 4-nitrophenol in polluted waters.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_664_835e247a1c7e66d0913f0c34db5cf7d0.pdf
2018-01-01
51
60
10.22104/aet.2018.2441.1122
4-Nitrophenol
Square wave voltammetry
Copper nanoparticles
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
River water samples
Fahimmeh
Jalali
fjalali@razi.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
AbdAli
ali0780454@gmail.com
2
Depatment of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hasanvand
zahasanvand@yahoo.com
3
Departmen of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An investigation of operating conditions on anodic oxidation of synthetic sulfide-containing wastewaters at the surface of a platinum electrode using cyclic voltammetry
In this paper, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the effects of operating parameters (i.e., sulfide concentration, sodium chloride concentration as supporting electrolyte, temperature, mixing speed, and potential scan rate) on the anodic oxidation of synthetic sulfide-containing wastewaters at the surface of a platinum electrode. The results revealed that anodic oxidation could be used to eliminate sulfide from wastewaters in a wide concentration range, and the oxidation current was an ascending function of the sulfide concentration. The supporting electrolyte concentration had a negligible effect, as the sulfide dissociated in the aqueous media and brought electrical conductivity to the solution. The optimum concentration of electrolyte was found to be 0.05 mol/L. Increasing temperature improved the kinetics of the oxidation reactions and enhanced the electrical conductivity of the solution, which resulted in increasing the anodic oxidation rate. However, at higher temperatures, undesired side reactions were activated which resulted in lowering the power efficiency of the desired anodic oxidation reactions. The optimum operating temperature was found to be 40 – 60 °C. The mixing speed had a periodic effect on the sulfide oxidation. It decreased the diffusion resistance and also the residence time of sulfide at the electrode surface. These phenomena affected the anodic oxidation oppositely and hence, a middle value around 200 rpm was found to be the optimum. By increasing the potential scan rate, the time of performing the reactions in each cycle increased and the overall oxidation progress improved. It was found that mass transfer resistance was a limiting step in the overall reaction. Based on the findings, anodic oxidation has the potential for treating sulfide-containing wastewaters and in the future may be a competitor for conventional treatment processes.
https://aet.irost.ir/article_668_966ffcd68aa1b91cb5563d5c7ca35f03.pdf
2018-01-01
61
73
10.22104/aet.2018.2874.1140
Wastewater treatment
Electrochemical oxidation
Anodic oxidation
Cyclic voltammetry
Sulfide pollutant
Amir
Behrouzifar
amir.behrouzifar@gmail.com
1
Fuel Cell Laboratory, Green Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Soosan
Rowshanzamir
rowshanzamir@iust.ac.ir
2
Schools of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansour
Bazmi
bazmim@ripi.ir
3
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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