Analysis of physiochemical and microbial quality of waters of the Karkheh River in southwestern Iran using multivariate statistical methods
Mehrnaz
Asefi
Department of Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Rasool
Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi
Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
Rapid population growth as well as agricultural and industrial development have increased the contamination of Iranian rivers. This study utilized principal components analysis (PCA) to determine the degree of significance of qualitative parameters of water resources in the Karkheh River in southwestern Iran. Cluster analysis (CA) grouped the monitoring stations based on the water quality data under measurement. The first three components obtained from the PCA accounted for 39.68, 35.04, and 17.76% of the total variance, respectively; these three components explained a total of 92.49% of the variance of the data sets. The PCA factors indicated that the parameters influencing changes in water quality were generally related to weathering and land washing in response to floods, organic contamination from household wastewater, waste from sand washing, and runoff from chemical fertilizers. Moreover, the PCA results indicated that the relative quality of the river water in the downstream areas, when compared with upstream areas, was worse due to the greater concentration of contamination sources in the vicinity of the monitoring stations. Given Iran’s water crisis, the preservation and reclamation of this valuable resource require greater attention from the relevant authorities
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
75
81
https://aet.irost.ir/article_709_9e126aa732354d048bed174da162226e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2018.2534.1128
Keratin nanoparticles: synthesis and application for Cu(II) removal
Seyedeh Zahra
Mousavi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
author
Mehrdad
Manteghian
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
author
Seyed Abbas
Shojaosadati
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Hassan
Pahlavanzadeh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
A straightforward procedure to synthesize keratin nanoparticles (KNP) from chicken feathers was introduced. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR analysis revealed no significant chemical change after the nanoparticle synthesis. TEM imaging indicated the synthesis of KNPs with a spherical morphology and mean size of 42 nm. The DLS results indicated that the synthesized KNPs were stable in aqueous media by having a zetapotential of lower than -30 mV. The produced KNPs were then evaluated for the biosorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions. The analyzed adsorption isotherm data revealed the change from a Redlich-Peterson isotherm to a Langmuir one by increasing the biosorbent dosage, which could be attributed to the more prepared adsorption sites. The experiments of the effect of the biosorbent dosage suggested the best removal at a KNP dose of 3.0 g/L. At this dosage, the maximum Cu (II) adsorption capacity and Langmuir constant were 50 mg/g and 10.8×10-3 L/mg, respectively; the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo-second order model.
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
83
93
https://aet.irost.ir/article_707_ad99742270e3a8bf20ac7ecefece5dd0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2018.2948.1143
Preparation and characterization of MWCNT-COOH/PVC ultrafiltration membranes to use in water treatment
Sepideh
Masoumi Khosroshahi
Membrane Technology Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Alireza
Miroliaei
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
Younes
Jafarzadeh
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
eng
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes containing pristine and modified multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were prepared and characterized. MWCNT was modified in order to achieve well-dispersion within the membranes. The results of FTIR analysis revealed that MWCNT was successfully carboxylated. The FESEM images indicated that the number of pores on the surface of membranes increased at the presence of pristine and modified MWCNT and the pore size distribution curves shifted towards smaller pores. The hydrophilicity, pure water flux, tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the membranes increased with increasing the content of MWCNT and COOH-MWCNT up to 0.3 wt. % and then decreased due to the agglomeration of nanotubes. Nevertheless, at the same content of nanotubes, COOH-MWCNT had more effect than MWCNT. The performance of the membranes was studied by filtration of humic acid (HA) solution and the results showed that HA rejection reached a peak of 96.88% for 0.3 wt. % PVC/MWCNT-COOH nanocomposite membrane. Finally, it was found that the antifouling properties of the membranes increased with increasing nanotube content, especially COOH-MWCNT.
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
95
105
https://aet.irost.ir/article_708_582d3cbd80c5108637806342239727c4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2018.2965.1144
Xylene removal from dilute solution by palm kernel activated charcoal: Kinetics and equilibrium analysis
hakimeh
sharififard
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
author
asghar
lashanizadegan
Chemical engineering department, yasouj university, yasouj
author
rahman
pazira
Chemical Engineering department, Yasouj university, yasouj, iran
author
parviz
darvishi
Chemical Engineering Department, Yasouj university, Yasouj, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is a highly toxic compound. Therefore, it is essential to remove this component from wastewater before discharging it to the environment. In this research work, palm kernel biomass was activated chemically by H3PO4 and synthesized activated charcoal was applied to separate xylene from aqueous media. The prepared activated charcoal was characterized using FTIR, BET, SEM, pHzpc measurement, Boehm analysis methods. The characterization tests indicated that the produced activated carbon has acidic character with various functional groups and micropores structure. The values of external mass transfer coefficients ranged from 1.87×10-5 to 1.90×10-5. By increasing the temperature, the pore and surface diffusion coefficients were increased from 1.15×10-9 to 1.91×10-9 and 6.98×10-16 to 7.58×10-16, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated which the pore diffusion and film diffusion are the main mass transfer parameters. Equilibrium analysis also revealed that the multilayer model with saturation could well describe the data. The number of adsorbate ions for one site, the number of adsorption layers, density of receptor site, and the energy of adsorption at layers were determined using statistical physics modelling. The maximum capacity of prepared activated charcoal at the experimental condition for xylene adsorption was 23.48 mg g-1.
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
107
117
https://aet.irost.ir/article_716_d8008c83b2a3f58da178a59f8366c221.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2018.2989.1145
Improving the combustion and emission characteristics of ISM 370 diesel engine by hydrogen addition and redesigning injection strategy
kianoosh
shojae
Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Majid
Mahdavian
2Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
Hydrogen fuel is the cleanest fuel available. This fuel can be used as an additive in the diesel engine. Diesel engines have the advantages of strong power, high thermal efficiency and low fuel costs. There have been extensive studies on the use of hydrogen fuel in diesel engines in recent years. However, the simultaneous effect of using gaseous hydrogen fuel and changing injection strategy needs further investigation specially for the Cummins ISM370 engine. This work considers almost all functional and emission parameters, simultaneously. This procedure can be effective to achieve balanced conditions when 6% H2 (by volume) is injected into the Cummins ISM 370 diesel engine (under different engines). In addition, due to changing fuel compound used in engine, injection timing and temperature of engine should be redesigned to better operating. For simulation of engine, a CFD code was used. In order to validity and verify the simulation predicted mean pressure and the rate of heat release are compered to experimental data and results gave appropriate accordance. Results show that most of exhaust emissions such as NO, CO, etc. are dramatically reduced by using gaseous hydrogen under various engine speeds. It is determined that with addition of 6% H2 within the engine, indicated thermal efficiency is increased by around 39%; and NO, soot, CO and CO2 emissions are reduced by 5%, 75%, 70%, and 30%, respectively, under 1600 rpm speed. It is also found that the best injection timing that makes a balance between exhaust emissions and performance parameters is 4 deg BTDC under 2000 rpm. Moreover, the best injection temperature is 330 K among of three considered injection temperatures.3
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
119
129
https://aet.irost.ir/article_753_6b8714f384bc8deb2cdbf35c0db4e161.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2019.2315.1116
Experimental and Mathematical Investigation of Time-Dependence of Contaminant Dispersivity in Soil
Farshid
Taran
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Ali-Ashraf
Sadraddini
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Amir-Hossein
Nazemi
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
Laboratory and field experiments have shown that dispersivity is one of the key parameters in contaminant transport in porous media and varies with elapsed time. This time-dependence can be shown using a time-variable dispersivity function. The advantage of this function as opposed to constant dispersivity is that it has at least two coefficients that increase the accuracy of the dispersivity prediction. In this study, longitudinal dispersivity values were obtained for the conservative NaCl solute transport in a laboratory porous medium saturated with tap water. The results showed that the longitudinal dispersivity initially increased with time (pre-asymptotic stage) and eventually reached a constant value (asymptotic stage). Four functions were used to investigate the time variations of dispersivity: linear, power, exponential and logarithmic. In general, because of the linear increase of dispersivity during a long time of transport, the linear function with R2=0.97 showed better time variations than the other three functions; the logarithmic function, having an asymptotic nature, predicted the asymptotic stage successfully (R2=0.95). The ratio of the longitudinal dispersivity to the medium length was not constant during the transport process and varied from 0.01 to 0.05 cm with elapsed time.
Advances in Environmental Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2476-6674
4
v.
2
no.
2018
131
138
https://aet.irost.ir/article_742_753a91adc70c6c0e98accbfc378a3eb6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22104/aet.2019.2561.1130